Study on Characteristics of Phosphates and Transition-metal Complexes Synthesized onto Viscose Rayon Felt for Flame Retardancy

Jeong Su Kim; Ung Su Choi; Young Gun Ko; Sung Hyun Kim

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.8, No.3, 218-224, May, 2002

Jeong Su Kim^{1, 2}, Ung Su Choi^{1, 3, †}, Young Gun Ko^{1, 4}, and Sung Hyun Kim^{5, 3}

¹Tribology Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 130-650, Korea
²Department of Environmental System Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
³, Korea
⁴Department of Chemical Engineering,, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
⁵Department of Chemical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea

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Phosphates (polyphosphate and ammonium phosphate) are synthesized onto the viscose rayon felt as high-performance materials for flame retardancy. This surface reaction has advantages of non-blooming effect and application to thermosetting plastics. Metal complexes have been known to have the effect of reducing amounts of smoke. Therefore, in second step, transition metal complexes were synthesized onto the viscose rayon ammonium phosphate felt. This article focuses on surface modification of phosphates and metal complex onto viscose rayon. All reactions were confirmed by ATR FT-IR and TOF-SIMS. As concentrations of phosphoric acid and urea increased, peak intensities of ammonium ion group and phosphate groups grew up highly. The thermal properties of the synthesized materials were studied using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and oxygen index test. On the basis of experimental results, the synthesized materials for flame retardancy showed excellent physico-chemical and thermal effect, and found to be as the flame retardants.

Keywords:viscose rayon;phosphate;surface reaction;flame retardants;metal complex

[References]

Chan CM, Polymer Surface Modification and Characterization, Hanser, New York (1994)
Feast WJ, Munro HS, Polymer Surfaces and Interfaces II, R.W. Richards Ed., John Wiley & Sons, Great Britain (1993)
Garbassi F, Morra M, Occhiello E, Polymer Surfaces, John Wiley & Sons, New York (1994)
Sabbatini L, Surface Characterization of Advanced Polymers, P.G. Zambonim Ed., VCH, Weinheim (1993)
Ko YG, Choi US, Ahn DJ, Kim JS, Kim TY, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 7(2), 72 (2001)
Ko YG, Choi US, Ahn DJ, Kim JS, Kim TY, J. Polym. Sci. A: Polym. Chem., 39(22), 3875 (2001)
Kandola BK, Horrocks AR, Price D, Coleman GV, J. Macromol. Sci.-Rev. Macromol. Chem. Phys., C36, 721 (1996)
Kandola BK, Horrocks AR, Polym. Degrad. Stabil., 54, 289 (1996)
Cullis CF, Hirschler MM, Madden RG, Eur. Polym. J., 28, 493 (1992)
Donahue EL, U.S. Patent, 3,253,881 (1966)
Nozawa Y, Higashide F, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 26, 2103 (1981)
Gerrans GC, SPECTRUM 31, 44, May (1993)
Cullis CF, Hirschler MM, Combustion of Organic Polymers, Clarendon, Oxford (1981)
Nuessle AC, Ford FM, Hall WP, Lippert AL, Text Res. J., 26, 32 (1956)
Tesoro GC, Textilveredlung, 2, 435 (1967)
Tesoro GC, Sello SB, Willard JJ, Text Res. J., 39, 180 (1969)
Inagaki N, Toyoshima T, Katsuura KJ, Fire Retardant Chem., 8, 51 (1981)
Weil ED, Flame Retardancy of Polymeric Materials, W.C. Kuryla and A.J. Papa, Ed., pp. 185, Dekker, New York (1979)
Lagier CM, Zuriaga M, Morti G, Olivier AC, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 57, 1183 (1996)
Morgan AB, Tour JM, Macromolecules, 31(9), 2857 (1998)
Kroenke WJ, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 26, 1167 (1981)
Kaur B, Jain RK, Gur IS, Bhatnagar HL, Schulten HR, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 9, 173 (1986)
Hastie JW, J. Res. National Bureau Standards-A. Phys. Chem., 77A, 733 (1973)
Heinze T, Macromol. Chem. Phys., 199, 2341 (1998)
ASTM D2863 (1995)
Fenimore CP, Martin F, J. Mod. Plast., 44, 141 (1966)
Bonsignore PV, J. Cell. Plast., 17, 220 (1981)
Landrock AH, Modern Plast., 57, 58 (1980)

[Referenced By]

[Related Articles]

[1] Chan CM, Polymer Surface Modification and Characterization, Hanser, New York (1994)

[2] Feast WJ, Munro HS, Polymer Surfaces and Interfaces II, R.W. Richards Ed., John Wiley & Sons, Great Britain (1993)

[3] Garbassi F, Morra M, Occhiello E, Polymer Surfaces, John Wiley & Sons, New York (1994)

[4] Sabbatini L, Surface Characterization of Advanced Polymers, P.G. Zambonim Ed., VCH, Weinheim (1993)

[5] Ko YG, Choi US, Ahn DJ, Kim JS, Kim TY, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 7(2), 72 (2001)

[6] Ko YG, Choi US, Ahn DJ, Kim JS, Kim TY, J. Polym. Sci. A: Polym. Chem., 39(22), 3875 (2001)

[7] Kandola BK, Horrocks AR, Price D, Coleman GV, J. Macromol. Sci.-Rev. Macromol. Chem. Phys., C36, 721 (1996)

[8] Kandola BK, Horrocks AR, Polym. Degrad. Stabil., 54, 289 (1996)

[9] Cullis CF, Hirschler MM, Madden RG, Eur. Polym. J., 28, 493 (1992)

[10] Donahue EL, U.S. Patent, 3,253,881 (1966)

[11] Nozawa Y, Higashide F, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 26, 2103 (1981)

[12] Gerrans GC, SPECTRUM 31, 44, May (1993)

[13] Cullis CF, Hirschler MM, Combustion of Organic Polymers, Clarendon, Oxford (1981)

[14] Nuessle AC, Ford FM, Hall WP, Lippert AL, Text Res. J., 26, 32 (1956)

[15] Tesoro GC, Textilveredlung, 2, 435 (1967)

[16] Tesoro GC, Sello SB, Willard JJ, Text Res. J., 39, 180 (1969)

[17] Inagaki N, Toyoshima T, Katsuura KJ, Fire Retardant Chem., 8, 51 (1981)

[18] Weil ED, Flame Retardancy of Polymeric Materials, W.C. Kuryla and A.J. Papa, Ed., pp. 185, Dekker, New York (1979)

[19] Lagier CM, Zuriaga M, Morti G, Olivier AC, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 57, 1183 (1996)

[20] Morgan AB, Tour JM, Macromolecules, 31(9), 2857 (1998)

[21] Kroenke WJ, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 26, 1167 (1981)

[22] Kaur B, Jain RK, Gur IS, Bhatnagar HL, Schulten HR, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 9, 173 (1986)

[23] Hastie JW, J. Res. National Bureau Standards-A. Phys. Chem., 77A, 733 (1973)

[24] Heinze T, Macromol. Chem. Phys., 199, 2341 (1998)

[25] ASTM D2863 (1995)

[26] Fenimore CP, Martin F, J. Mod. Plast., 44, 141 (1966)

[27] Bonsignore PV, J. Cell. Plast., 17, 220 (1981)

[28] Landrock AH, Modern Plast., 57, 58 (1980)