An investigation has been made of the thermodynamic compatibility of asphaltene fragments with an increasing index of aromaticity in the course of their thermal evolution. These results, and also data of the stimulation of the process of thermal deasphalting-demetallization (TDA-DM) by adding paraffins, oligoparaffins and polymer waste, have been used to develop a method for refining and combined processing of heavy petroleum residues and polymers.