Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.108, 411-417, April, 2022
Pen-drawn air cathode featuring graphite felt substrate modified with MnO2-decorated graphene flakes and PEDOT network for rechargeable zinc–air battery
E-mail:,
Zinc–air batteries (ZABs) have drawn attention recently as alternatives to conventional Li-ion batteries because of their high energy density, abundance in the earth’s crust, and relatively low production cost. Although ZABs are incredibly stable under normal conditions unlike popular Li-based energy storage devices, many challenging issues remain. Requirements such as rechargeability, low-cost fabrication, and mass production of an effective bifunctional catalyst restrict the use of commercial ZABs to a few small electronic gadgets. In this study, we introduce a functionalized pen-drawable ink composed of amorphous MnO2 with a large specific area, graphene sheet (GS) flakes, and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythio phene) (PEDOT). The MnO2-decorated GS is successfully immobilized on graphite felt (GF) using the PEDOT network. The pen-drawn MnO2@GS/PEDOT/GF substrate is further used as a bifunctional air cathode. Power density of the air cell is 37.8 mW·cm-2 at 55 mA·cm-2. The potential difference between the half-wave potential of the oxygen reduction reaction and the operational potential of the oxygen evolution reaction is 0.74 V; this value is comparable to that of traditional noble metal catalysts, and is obtained at a current density of 10 mA·cm-2 with the pen-drawn cathode in a two-electrode system containing a conventional 6 M KOH electrolyte.
Keywords:Graphite felt;Graphene sheet;Functionalized pen-drawable ink;Manganese dioxide;Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene);Zinc–air battery
- Faegh E, Ng B, Hayman D, Mustain WE, Nat. Energ., 6, 21 (2021)
- Postula JJ, Thacker R, Energ. Convers, 10, 45 (1970)
- Meadowcroft DB, Nature, 226, 847 (1970)
- Jindra J, Mrha J, Musilova M, J. Appl. Electrochem., 3, 297 (1973)
- Pan J, Tian XL, Zaman S, Dong ZH, Liu HF, Park HS, et al., Batteries Supercaps, 2, 336 (2019)
- Huang YY, Wang YQ, Tang C, Wang J, Zhang Q, Wang YB, et al., Adv. Mater., 31, 1803800 (2019)
- Ji DX, Fan L, Li LL, Peng SJ, Yu DS, Song JN, et al., Adv. Mater., 31, 1808267 (2019)
- Han XP, Ling XF, Wang Y, Ma TY, Zhong C, Hu WB, et al., Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit., 58, 5359 (2019)
- Han C, Li WJ, Liu HK, Dou SX, Wang JZ, Mater. Horizons, 6, 1812 (2019)
- Chen S, Shu XX, Wang HS, Zhang JT, J. Mater. Chem. A, 7, 19719 (2019)
- Yang ZK, Ma J, Araby S, Shi DJ, Dong WF, Tang T, et al., J. Power Sources, 412, 655 (2019)
- Liu B, Liu YJ, Chen HB, Yang M, Li HM, ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng., 7, 3101 (2019)
- Guo CX, Wang M, Chen T, Lou XW, Li CM, Adv. Energy Mater., 1, 736 (2011)
- Yu GH, Hu LB, Liu NA, Wang HL, Vosgueritchian M, Yang Y, et al., Nano Lett., 11, 4438 (2011)
- Tang PY, Han LJ, Zhang L, ACS Appl. Mater. Inter, 6, 10506 (2014)
- Moussa M, Shi G, Wu H, Zhao ZH, Voelcker NH, Losic D, et al., Mater. Des., 125, 1 (2017)
- Cho S, Kim M, Jang J, ACS Appl. Mater. Inter, 7, 10213 (2015)
- Pei Z, Yuan Z, Wang C, Zhao S, Fei J, Wei L, et al., Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit., 132, 4823 (2020)
- Synodis M, Pikul J, Allen SAB, Allen MG, J. Power Sources, 449, 227566 (2020)
- Miao H, Chen B, Li S, Wu X, Wang Q, Zhang C, et al., J. Power Sources, 450, 227653 (2020)
- Wei L, Karahan HE, Zhai SL, Liu HW, Chen XC, Zhou Z, et al., Adv. Mater., 29, 1701410 (2017)
- Li YG, Gong M, Liang YY, Feng J, Kim JE, Wang HL, et al., Nat. Commun., 4, 1805 (2013)
- Li H, Li Q, Wen P, Williams TB, Adhikari S, Dun CC, et al., Adv. Mater., 30, 1705796 (2018)
- Zang WJ, Sumboja A, Ma YY, Zhang H, Wu Y, Wu SS, et al., ACS Catal., 8, 8961 (2018)
- Ma LT, Chen SM, Pei ZX, Huang Y, Liang GJ, Mo FN, et al., ACS Nano, 12, 1949 (2018)
- Lee HU, Park C, Jin JH, Kim SW, J. Power Sources, 453, 227898 (2020)
- Huang Y, Lin Y, Li W, Electrochim. Acta, 99, 161 (2013)
- Lee HU, Kim SW, J. Mater. Chem. A, 5 (2017)
- Huang X, Lv D, Yue H, Attia A, Yang Y, Nanotechnology, 19, 225606 (2008)
- Johra FT, Lee JW, Jung WG, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 20, 2883 (2014)
- Ji C, Ren H, Yang S, RSC Adv., 5, 21978 (2015)
- Liu Y, Weng B, Razal JM, Qun X, Zhao C, Hou Y, Seyedin S, Jalili R, Wallace GG, Chen J, Sci. Rep., 5, 17045 (2015)
- Kundu TK, Jana A, Barik P, Bull. Mater. Sci., 31, 501 (2008)
- Munaiah Y, Raj BGS, Kumar TP, Ragupathy P, J. Mater. Chem. A, 1, 4300 (2013)
- Tang C, Zhao K, Tang Y, Li F, Meng Q, Electrochim. Acta, 375, 137960 (2021)
- Ruan P, Xilian XU, Gao X, Feng J, Linhai YU, Cai Y, et al., Sustain Mater Technol., 28, e00254 (2021)
- de Izarra A, Choi C, Jang YH, Lansac Y, J. Phys. Chem. B, 125, 1916 (2021)
- Su CY, Cheng H, Li W, Liu ZQ, Li N, Hou Z, et al., Adv. Energy Mater., 7, 1602420 (2017)
- Aijaz A, Masa J, Rösler C, Xia W, Weide P, Botz AJR, Fischer RA, Schuhmann W, Muhler M, Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit., 55, 4087 (2016)
- Liu R, Xian Z, Zhang S, Chen C, Yang Z, Li H, et al., RSC Adv., 5, 74447 (2015)
- Zhou RF, Zheng Y, Jaroniec M, Qiao SZ, ACS Catal., 6, 4720 (2016)
- Kim J, Bard AJ, Anal. Chem., 88, 1742 (2016)
- Gu YD, Yan GB, Lian YB, Qi PW, Mu QQ, Zhang CF, et al., Energy Storage Mater., 23, 252 (2019)