Optimization and Packed Bed Column Studies on Esterification of Glycerol to Synthesize Fuel Additives - Acetins

Pradima J Britto; Rajeswari M Kulkarni; Archna Narula; Sunaina Poonacha; Rakshita Honnatagi; Sneha Shivanathan; Waasif Wahab

Korean Chemical Engineering Research, Vol.60, No.1, 70-79, February, 2022

DOI10.9713/kcer.2022.60.1.70 Export Citation

Optimization and Packed Bed Column Studies on Esterification of Glycerol to Synthesize Fuel Additives - Acetins

Pradima J Britto^†, Rajeswari M Kulkarni, Archna Narula, Sunaina Poonacha, Rakshita Honnatagi, Sneha Shivanathan, and Waasif Wahab

Department of Chemical Engineering, M. S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology, MSR Nagar, MSRIT Post, Bangalore-560054, Karnataka, India.

E-mail:

Biodiesel production has attracted attention as a sustainable source of fuel and is a competitive alternate to diesel engines. The glycerol that is produced as a by-product is generally discarded as waste and can be converted to green chemicals such as acetins to increase bio-diesel profitability. Acetins find application in fuel, food, pharmaceutical and leather industries. Batch experiments and analysis have been previously conducted for synthesis of acetins using glycerol esterification reaction aided by sulfated metal oxide catalysts (SO4 2-/CeO2-ZrO2). The aim of this study was to optimize process parameters: effects of mole ratio of reactants (glycerol and acetic acid), catalyst concentration and reaction temperature to maximize glycerol conversion/acetin selectivity. The optimum conditions for this reaction were determined using response surface methodology (RSM) designed as per a five-level-three-factor central composite design (CCD). Statistica software 10 was used to analyze the experimental data obtained. The optimized conditions obtained were molar ratio - 1:12, catalyst concentration - 6 wt.% and temperature -90 °C. A packed bed reactor was fabricated and column studies were performed using the optimized conditions. The breakthrough curve was analyzed.

Keywords:Glycerol;Fuel additives;Mixed oxide catalyst;Optimization;Packed bed column studies

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[2] Sato S, Sakai D, Sato F, Yamada Y, Chem. Lett., 41(9), 965 (2012)

[3] Aruna ST, Mukasyan AS, Curr Opin Solid St M, 12, 44 (2008)

[4] Gandarias I, Arias PL, Fernandez SG, Requies J, El Doukkali M, Guemez MB, Catal. Today, 195(1), 22 (2012)

[5] Ozbay N, Oktar N, Dogu G, Dogu T, Int. J. Chem. React. Eng., 8 (2010)

[6] Goncalves CE, Laier LO, Cardoso AL, da Silva MJ, Fuel Process Technol, 102, 46 (2012)

[7] Costa IC, Itabaiana I, Flores MC, Lourenco AC, Leite SG, Miranda DMELS, de Souza RO, J. Flow. Chem., 3, 41 (2013)

[8] Pradima J, Kulkarni MR, Resource-Efficient Technologies, 3, 394 (2017).

[9] Melero JA, van Grieken R, Morales G, Paniagua M, Energy Fuels, 21(3), 1782 (2007)

[10] Ferreira P, Fonseca IM, Ramos AM, Vital J, Castanheiro JE, Catal Commun., 10, 481 (2009)

[11] Wang S, Guin JA, Chem. Commun., 24, 2499 (2000)

[12] Mallick S, Parida KM, Catal Commun., 8, 889 (2007)

[13] Ifrah S, Wie LI, Buissette V, Denaire S, Marques RMJC, U.S. Patent Application No. 16/096, 279, (2019).

[14] Shah PM, Day AN, Davies TE, Morgan DJ, Taylor SH, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 253, 331 (2019)

[15] Reddy PS, Sudarsanam P, Raju G, Reddy BM, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 18(2), 648 (2012)

[16] Kulkarni RM, Shetty KV, Srinikethan G, In Materials, Energy and Environment Engineering, 121 (2017).

[17] Salvi HM, Kamble MP, Yadav GD, Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 184(2), 630 (2018)

[18] Nanda MR, Yuan ZS, Qin WS, Ghaziaskar HS, Poirier MA, Xu CB, Appl. Energy, 123, 75 (2014)

[19] Kulkarni RM, Britto PJ, Narula A, Saqline S, Anand D, Bhagyalakshmi C, Herle RN, Biofuel Research J., 7, 1100 (2020)

[20] Niju S, Raj FR, Anushya C, Balajii M, Green Process Synth., 8, 756 (2019)

[21] Yesilyurt MK, Arslan M, Eryilmaz T, Int. J. Green Energy, 16, 60 (2019)

[22] Aghbashlo M, Tabatabaei M, Jazini H, Ghaziaskar HS, Energy Conv. Manag., 165, 183 (2018)

[23] Usman B, Garba AA, In A Conference paper presented at the Yusuf Maitama Sule University, Kano, Faculty of Science 3rd Annual International Conference at Kano, Nigeria (2017).

[24] Chumuang N, Punsuvon V, J. of Chemistry (2017).

[25] Arun P, Pudi SM, Biswas P, Energy Fuels, 30(1), 584 (2016)

[26] Sadhukhan B, Mondal NK, Chattoraj S, Karbala International J. of Modern Science, 2, 145 (2016).

[27] Mendonca ADM, Siqueira PM, Souza MMVM, Pereira N, Brazilian J. Chem. Eng., 32, 501 (2015)

[28] Carley KM, Kamneva NY, Reminga J, CASOS Technical Report CMUISRI-04-136(2004).

[29] Liao XY, Zhu YL, Wang SG, Li Y, Fuel Process. Technol., 90(7-8), 988 (2009)

[30] Gao X, Zhu S, Li Y, Catal. Commun., 62, 48 (2015)

[31] Tao ML, Guan HY, Wang XH, Liu YC, Louh RF, Fuel Process. Technol., 138, 355 (2015)

[32] Setyaningsih L, Siddiq F, Pramezy A, In Matec Web of Conferences, 154, 01028 (2018).