Effect of a polymer binder on the extraction and crystallization-based recovery of HMX from polymer-bonded explosives

Dongwoo Kim; Hyejoo Kim; Eugene Huh; Sewon Park; Chang-Ha Lee; Ik-Sung Ahn; Kee-Kahb Koo; Keun Deuk Lee

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.79, 124-130, November, 2019

DOI10.1016/j.jiec.2019.06.014 Export Citation

Effect of a polymer binder on the extraction and crystallization-based recovery of HMX from polymer-bonded explosives

Dongwoo Kim, Hyejoo Kim¹, Eugene Huh¹, Sewon Park¹, Chang-Ha Lee¹, Ik-Sung Ahn^{1, †}, Kee-Kahb Koo , and Keun Deuk Lee²

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
¹Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Republic of Korea
²Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon, 305-600, Republic of Korea

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Octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) was separated out from polymer-bonded explosives (PBXs) by extraction with DMSO and crystallization with ethanol. The model PBX used herein was DXC-57, which is composed of HMX and Estane, a polyurethane-based binder. Crystallization at a higher degree of supersaturation (S, the ratio of concentration to solubility) lowered the possibility of the formation of the thermodynamically stable β-form HMX. Estane was found to retard the nucleation and to cause crystallization at high S. β-form HMX with purity greater than 99% was recovered from DXC- 57 in over 90% yield via crystallization at S ≤6.26 followed by washing with THF.

Keywords:Octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine;Polymer-bonded explosive;Recovery;Crystallization;Nucleation

[References]

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Myler CA, Bradshaw WM, Cosmos MG, J. Hazard. Mater., 26, 333 (1991)
Kim CK, Lee BC, Lee YW, Kim HS, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 26(4), 1125 (2009)
Kim HS, Park BS, Propellants Explos. Pyrotech., 24, 217 (1999)
Kim JW, Park JH, Shim HM, Koo KK, Cryst. Growth Des., 13, 4688 (2013)
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Kumar R, Siril PF, Soni P, J. Energ. Mater., 33, 277 (2015)
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[1] Fossey R, Summers D, Tyler L, Craig L, Short J, WOMBAT, A Waterjet Ordnance and Munitions Blastcleaner with Automated Tellurometry, (1988).

[2] Wilkinson J, Watt D, Headquarters N, MSIAC/NATO/PfP Editor, Report L-118, (2006).

[3] Hloch S, Tozan H, Yagimli M, Valicek J, Rokosz K, Tehnicki Vjesnik, 18, 267 (2011)

[4] Benchoff D, Global Demilitarization Symposium, American Defense Prepared-ness Association (1995).

[5] Carton G, Jagusiewicz A, Mar. Technol. Soc. J., 43, 16 (2009)

[6] Kmec J, Hreha P, Kubena V, Knapcikova L, Macej T, Hlavacek P, Zelenak M, Harnicarova M, Duspara M, Cumin J, Tehnicki Vjesnik, 17, 383 (2010)

[7] Morris JB, Separation of RDX from Composition B via a Supercritical Fluid Extraction Process, DTIC Document, 1997.

[8] Ferreira C, Ribeiro J, Mendes R, Freire F, Propellants Explos. Pyrotech., 38, 296 (2013)

[9] Arcuri KB, Goetsch DA, Schmit SJ, Smith RM, Miller P, Recovery of TNT and RDX from Bulk Composition B Explosives, Google Patents, 2008.

[10] Myler CA, Bradshaw WM, Cosmos MG, J. Hazard. Mater., 26, 333 (1991)

[11] Kim CK, Lee BC, Lee YW, Kim HS, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 26(4), 1125 (2009)

[12] Kim HS, Park BS, Propellants Explos. Pyrotech., 24, 217 (1999)

[13] Kim JW, Park JH, Shim HM, Koo KK, Cryst. Growth Des., 13, 4688 (2013)

[14] Lewicki JW, Separation of RDX and HMX, Google Patents, 1988.

[15] Sitzmann ME, Foti S, Misener CC, NAVAL ORDNANCE LAB, WHITE OAK MD, 1973.

[16] Szala M, Szymanczyk L, Cent. Eur. J. Energ. Mater., 11, 129 (2014)

[17] Mattos EC, Diniz MF, Nakamura NM, Dutra RDCL, J. Aerosp. Technol. Manag., 1, 167 (2009)

[18] Kumar R, Siril PF, Soni P, J. Energ. Mater., 33, 277 (2015)

[19] Cady HH, Larson AC, Cromer DT, Acta Crystallogr., 16, 617 (1963)

[20] Main P, Cobbledick R, Small R, Acta Crystallogr. Sect. C-Cryst. Struct. Commun., 41, 1351 (1985)

[21] Cobbledick R, Small R, Acta Crystallogr. Sect. B-Struct. Sci., 30, 1918 (1974)

[22] Muszkiewicz A.

[23] Zhang L, Jiang SL, Yu Y, Long Y, Zhao HY, Peng LJ, Chen J, J. Phys. Chem. B, 120(44), 11510 (2016)