Korean Journal of Materials Research, Vol.26, No.10, 528-534, October, 2016
고대와 현대 방짜수저의 균열발생 원인분석
Failure Analysis of Cracks in Ancient and Modern Bronze Spoons
E-mail:
The aim of this paper is to consider the effect of the manufacturing processes on corrosion and centerline cracking of ancient bronze spoons. The ancient bronze spoons in question were made by several steps of forging, in reheated condition with cast ingots. The manufacturing method is similar to that of the modern spoons. The investigations include observations from light and scanning electron microscopes of the microstructure in terms of the crack propagation. Cracks in the centerline are caused by solute segregation in the center-line region; this solute is solidified in the final stage of bronze spoon manufacture. Centerline cracking is also caused by α phase segregation, accompanied by forged overlapping along the longitudinal direction of the spoons. A vertical stripe with cracks along the centerline of the spoon’s width is formed by folding in the wrought process. The overlapping area causes crack propagation with severe corrosion on the spoon surfaces over a period of a thousand years. The failure mechanisms of ancient bronze spoons may be similar to that of modern spoons, and the estimation of the failure mechanisms of ancient spoons can be appropriate to determine failure causes for such modern spoons.
Keywords:ancient bronze spoon;centerline crack;corrosion;vertical stripe;solute segregation;microstructure
- Park JS, J. Korean Soc. Heat Treatment, 17, 189 (2004)
- Jeon IH, Lee JS, Park JS, MUNHWAJAE Journal of Cultural Heritage Studies, 46, 208 (2013)
- Lee JS, Ph. D. Thesis, Hongik University, 28 (2010).
- Lee JD, Master's Thesis, Chungang University, 9 (2004).
- Go HS, Ph. D. Thesis, Gangneung-Wonju National University, (2011).
- Han HN, Lee DN, Korean J. Met. Mater., 34, 713 (1996)
- Chase WT, Ancient & Historic Metals, The Getty Conservation Institute, p85 (1991).
- Bodley JH, “Cultural Anthropology : Tribes, States, and the Global System (5th ed.)”, Altramada Press, p271 (2011).
- West EG, Copper and its Alloys, John Willey & Sons, 106 (1982).
- Park JS, Jung YD, Met. Mater. Int., 13, 261 (2007)
- Park JS, Gordon RB, J. Archaeological Sci., 34, 1991 (2007)
- Scott DA, Metallography and Microstructure of Ancient & Historic Metals, The Getty Conservation Institute, (1991).
- Smith WF, Structure and Properties of Engineering Alloys, McGraw-Hill Inc. 2nd Ed., p29 (1993).
- Gettens RJ, The Freer Chinese Bronzes, vol. II:Technical Studies, Oriental Studies, No.7, Smithonian Publication, Smithonian Institution, Freer Gallery of Art (1969).
- Chase WT, Franklin UM, Technology Conservation, 10, 18 (1979)