Inorganic Chemistry, Vol.55, No.16, 7866-7878, 2016
Binuclear Complexes and Extended Chains Featuring Pt-II-Tl-I Bonds: Influence of the Pyridine-2-Thiolate and Cyclometalated Ligands on the Self-Assembly and Luminescent Behavior
Platinum solvate complexes [Pt(C6F5)((CN)-N-boolean AND)(5)] [(CN)-N-boolean AND = phenyl-pyridinyl (ppy), S = dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (A); (CN)-N-boolean AND = benzoquinolinyl (bzq), S = CH3COCH3 (B)] react with [Tl(Spy)] (Spy = 2-pyridinethiolate) to afford binuclear [{Pt(C6F5)((CN)-N-boolean AND)}Tl(Spy)] [(CN)-N-boolean AND = ppy (1) and bzq (2)] species containing a Pt-Tl bonding interaction, supported by a mu-Spy-kappa N,S bridging ligand, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction. However, the related reactions with [Tl(SpyCF(3)-5)] [SpyCF3-5 = 5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinethiolate] give neutral extended chains [{Pt(C6F5)((CN)-N-boolean AND)}-Tl(SpyCF(3)-5)](n) [(CN)-N-boolean AND = ppy (3) and bzq (4)]. 3 features a zigzag -Pt-Tl center dot center dot center dot S-Pt- chain, generated by Pt-Tl and Tl center dot center dot center dot S bonds, with the SpyCF(3) acting as a mu-kappa N:kappa S-2 bridging ligand, whereas 4 displays an unsupported center dot center dot center dot Tl-Pt center dot center dot center dot Tl-Pt center dot center dot center dot backbone (angle of ca. 158.7 degrees). The lowest-energy absorption bands in the UV-vis spectra in CH2Cl2, associated with L-1'LCT transitions with minor (LC)-L-1/(MLCT)-M-1 (L' = Spy or SpyCF(3)-5; L = (CN)-N-boolean AND) character, are similar for all complexes 1-4, demonstrating that for 3 and 4 the chains break down in solution to yield similar bimetallic Pt-Tl units. For 2, two different forms, 2-o (orange) and 2-y (yellow), exhibiting different colors and emissions were found depending on the isolation conditions. Slow crystallization favors formation of the thermodynamically more stable yellow form (2-y), which exhibits a high-energy (HE) structured emission band, whereas fast crystallization gives rise to the orange form (2-o), with a remarkably lower energy structureless emission. Complexes 1 and 3 exhibit dual luminescence in the solid state at 298 K: an unstructured low-energy band associated with 3 pi pi* excimeric emission due to pi center dot center dot center dot pi ((CN)-N-boolean AND) interactions and a more structured HE band, assigned, with support of density functional theory calculations, to an intraligand (LC)-L-3 ((CN)-N-boolean AND) excited state mixed with some ligand (SPy)/platinum-to-ligand (C<^>N)(3)[(L' + M)LCT] charge transfer. Chain 4 only shows a HE band at 298 K, attributed to a 3L'LCT (SpyCF3 -> bzq) excited state mixed with a minor (MLCT)-M-3/(MM)-M-3'CT (M = Pt; M' = Tl) contribution. At 77 K, the pi pi*-stacking emission is predominant in all complexes, except in the form 2-y. Interestingly, 2-4 exhibit reversible mechanochromic color and luminescence changes, with remarkable red shift and increased quantum yields, and upon exposure to solvents, they are restored to their original color and emission. On the basis of powder X-ray diffraction studies, a plausible mechanism of the mechanochromic processes is proposed, involving reversible crystalline-to-amorphous phase transitions.