Application of response surface method as an experimental design to optimize coagulation.flocculation process for pre-treating paper wastewater

Seong-Cheol Kim

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.38, 93-102, June, 2016

DOI10.1016/j.jiec.2016.04.010 Export Citation

Application of response surface method as an experimental design to optimize coagulation.flocculation process for pre-treating paper wastewater

Seong-Cheol Kim^†

ByuckSan Power Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea

E-mail:

The response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to study the pre-treatment of paper wastewater with polyaluminum chloride (PAC) as the coagulant and cationic polyacrylamide (c-PAM), as the flocculant in the coagulation.flocculation (CF) process. In addition, the three quadratic models of the three factors of PAC dosage, PAM dosage, and pH were established with the chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), and sludge volume index (SVI) as three responses. The optimal conditions obtained from the compromise of the three desirable responses are PAC 3689 mg/L, PAM 39.9 mg/L, and pH 5.4, respectively. From zeta potential measurement, it was concluded that charge neutralization is the main mechanism of coagulation at slightly acid pH, and c-PAM is very effective in the bridge effect. Additionally, the results offered a certain reference value for the practical application of the CF process using hybrid PAC and c-PAM in stabilized paper pretreatment for COD and TSS removal.

Keywords:Paper wastewater;Response surface methodology (RSM);Coagulation.flocculation (CF);Central composite design (CCD)

[References]

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[3] Amuda OS, Amoo IA, Ajayi OO, J. Hazard. Mater., 129(1-3), 69 (2006)

[4] Sarika R, Kalogerakis N, Mantzavinos D, Environ. Int., 31, 297 (2005)

[5] Wei Y, Dong X, Ding A, Xie D, J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. E, 58, 351 (2016)

[6] Zheng HL, Zhu GC, Jiang SJ, Tshukudu T, Xiang XY, Zhang P, He QA, Desalination, 269(1-3), 148 (2011)

[7] Ebeling JM, Rishel KL, Sibrell PL, Aquacult. Eng., 33, 235 (2005)

[8] Lacorte S, Latorre A, Barcelo D, Rigol A, Malmqvist A, Welander T, Trends Anal. Chem., 22, 725 (2003)

[9] Tzoupanos ND, Zouboulis AI, Water Res., 45, 3614 (2011)

[10] Suarez S, Lerna JM, Omil F, Bioresour. Technol., 100(7), 2138 (2009)

[11] Wang JP, Chen YZ, Ge XW, Yu HQ, Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Asp., 302, 210 (2007)

[12] Wang JP, Chen YZ, Wang Y, Yuan SJ, Yu HQ, Water Res., 45(17), 5633 (2011)

[13] Ahmad AL, Wong SS, Teng TT, Zuhairi A, J. Hazard. Mater., 145(1-2), 162 (2007)

[14] Talebi A, Norli I, Abbas A, Teng TT, J. Sustain. Dev., 2(2), 159 (2009)

[15] Omar FM, Rahman NNNA, Ahmad A, Water Air Soil Pollut., 195, 345 (2008)

[16] Zahrim AY, Tizaoui C, Hilal N, Desalination, 266(1-3), 1 (2011)

[17] Verma AK, Dash RR, Bhunia P, J. Environ. Manage., 93, 154 (2012)

[18] Zhu GC, Zheng HL, Zhang Z, Tshukudu T, Zhang P, Xiang XY, Chem. Eng. J., 178, 50 (2011)

[19] Cho IH, Zoh KD, Dyes Pigment., 75(3), 533 (2007)

[20] Lee SM, Kim YG, Cho IH, J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Toxic/Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng., 40, 423 (2005)

[21] Im JK, Cho IH, Kim SK, Zoh KD, Desalination, 285(31), 306 (2012)

[22] American Public Health Association (APHA), Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater, 17th ed., 1992 Washington, DC.

[23] Montgomery DC, Design and Analysis of Experiments, sixth ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2005.

[24] Trinh TK, Kang LS, Chem. Eng. Res. Des., 89(7A), 1126 (2011)

[25] Wang F, Shih K, Water Res., 45, 2925 (2011)

[26] Xiao F, Simcik M, Gulliver J, Water Res., 47, 49 (2013)

[27] Montgomery JM, Water Treatment Principles and Design, first ed., Wiley Interscience, New York, 1985.

[28] Klimiuk E, Filipkowska A, Korzeniowska A, Polish J. Environ. Stud., 8, 73 (1999)

[29] Duan JM, Gregory J, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 100, 475 (2003)

[30] Sanghi R, Bhattacharya B, Singh V, React. Funct. Polym., 67(6), 495 (2007)

[31] Jiang J, Graham N, Water SA, 24(3), 237 (1988)

[32] Bolto B, Gregory J, Water Res., 41, 2301 (2007)

[33] Bolto BA, Dixon DR, Gray SR, Chee H, Harbour PJ, Ngoc L, Ware AJ, Water Sci. Technol., 34, 117 (1996)

[34] Ahmad AL, Wong SS, Teng TT, Zuhairi A, Chem. Eng. J., 137(3), 510 (2008)

[35] Barany S, Szepesszenentgyorgyi A, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 111, 117 (2004)

[36] Xu J, Zhao WP, Wang CX, Wu YM, Polym. Lett., 4, 275 (2010)

[37] Harrington EC, Ind. Qual. Control, 21, 494 (1965)

[38] Derringer G, Suich R, J. Qual. Technol., 12, 214 (1980)

[39] Lyklema J, Fundamentals of Interface and Colloid Science, Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1991.

[40] Kosmulski M, Surface Charging and Points of Zero Charge, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2009.

[41] Lee KE, Morad N, Teng TT, Poh BT, Chem. Eng. J., 203, 370 (2013)