Sn loaded Au.ZnO photocatalyst for the degradation of AR 18 dye under UV-A light

A. Senthilraja; B. Krishnakumar; B. Subash; Abilio J.F.N. Sobral; M. Swaminathan; M. Shanthi

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.33, 51-58, January, 2016

DOI10.1016/j.jiec.2015.09.010 Export Citation

Sn loaded Au.ZnO photocatalyst for the degradation of AR 18 dye under UV-A light

A. Senthilraja, B. Krishnakumar^{1, †}, B. Subash, Abilio J.F.N. Sobral¹, M. Swaminathan, and M. Shanthi^†

Photocatalysis laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
¹Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal

E-mail:,

Sn-Au-ZnO was successfully synthesized by precipitation-decomposition method. The catalyst was characterized by XRD, FE-SEM, EDS, TEM, DRS, PL, XPS, TGA, DTA and BET surface area measurements. Sn-Au-ZnO is found to be more efficient than bare ZnO and other commercial catalysts at pH 11 for the mineralization of AR 18 dye under UV-A light. The effects of operational parameters on photo mineralization of AR 18 dye have been investigated. The mineralization of dye has been confirmed by COD measurements. A possible mechanism is proposed for the degradation of AR 18 under UV-A light. The catalyst is found to be reusable.

Keywords:Sn loaded Au-ZnO;Photocatalyst;UV-A light;Acid Red 18

[References]

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van der Meulen T, Mattson A, Osterlund L, J. Catal., 251(1), 131 (2007)
Hoffmann MR, Martin ST, Choi WY, Bahnemann DW, Chem. Rev., 95(1), 69 (1995)
Krishnakumar B, Subash B, Swaminathan M, Sep. Purif. Technol., 85, 35 (2012)
Khodja AA, Sehili T, Pitichowshi JF, Boule P, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A-Chem., 141, 231 (2001)
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Dijken AV, Janssen AH, Smitsmans MHP, Vanmaekelbergh D, Meijerink A, Chem. Mater., 10, 3513 (1998)
Wang C, Wang XM, Xu BQ, Zhao JC, Mai BX, Peng PA, Sheng GY, Fu JM, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A-Chem., 168, 47 (2004)
Gouvea CAK, Wypych F, Moraes SG, Duran N, Peralta-Zamora P, Chemosphere, 40, 427 (2000)
Abe T, Suzuki E, Nagoshi K, Miyashita K, Kaneko M, J. Phys. Chem. B, 103(7), 1119 (1999)
Subramanian V, Wolf EE, Kamat PV, J. Phys. Chem. B, 107(30), 7479 (2003)
Etacheri V, Roshan R, Kumar V, Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 4(5), 2717 (2012)
Ranjit KT, Viswanathan B, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A-Chem., 108(1), 79 (1997)
Li D, Haneda H, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A-Chem., 160, 203 (2003)
Subash B, Krishnakumar B, Swaminathan M, Shanthi M, J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem., 366, 54 (2013)
Kuzhalosai V, Subash B, Senthilraja A, Dhatshanamurthi P, Shanthi M, Spectroc. Acta Pt. A-Molec. Biomolec. Spectr., 115, 876 (2013)
Subash B, Krishnakumar B, Pandiyan V, Swaminathan M, Shanthi M, Sep. Purif. Technol., 96, 204 (2012)
Krishnakumar B, Imae T, Miras J, Esquena J, Sep. Purif. Technol., 132, 281 (2014)
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Esen B, Yumak T, Sinag A, Yildiz T, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A-Chem., 87, 267 (2011)
Xi GC, Ye JH, Inorg. Chem., 49(5), 2302 (2010)
Krishnakumar B, Swaminathan M, Spectroc. Acta Pt. A-Molec. Biomolec. Spectr., 81, 739 (2011)
Choi SW, Katoch A, Sun GJ, Kim SS, Sens. Actuators B-Chem., 181, 787 (2013)
Li FB, Li XZ, Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 228(1-2), 15 (2002)
Zhang P, Shao CL, Li XH, Zhang MY, Zhang X, Sun YY, Liu YC, J. Hazard. Mater., 237, 331 (2012)
Dzhurinskii BF, Gati D, Sergushin NP, Nefedov VI, Salyn YV, Russ. J. Inorg. Chem., 20, 2307 (1975)
Chang ST, Leu IC, Hon MH, J. Cryst. Growth, 273(1-2), 195 (2004)
Wagner CD, Riggs WM, Davis LE, Moulder JF, Muilenberg GE, Handbook of XRay Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Perkin-Elmer Corporation, Physical Electronics Division, Eden Prairie, Minn, USA, 1979.
Subash B, Krishnakumar B, Swaminathan M, Shanthi M, Langmuir, 29(3), 939 (2013)
Velmurugan R, Krishnakumar B, Subash B, Swaminathan M, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 108, 205 (2013)
Evgenidou E, Fytianos K, Poulios I, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 59(1-2), 81 (2005)
Sobana N, Swaminathan M, Sep. Purif. Technol., 56(1), 101 (2007)
Krishnakumar B, Swaminathan M, Desalin. Water Treat., 51(34-36), 6572 (2013)
Sauleda R, Brillas E, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 29(2), 135 (2001)
Zhao L, Ma J, Sun ZZ, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 79(3), 244 (2008)
Balachandran S, Selvam K, Babu B, Swaminathan M, J. Chem. Soc.-Dalton Trans., 42, 16365 (2013)

[Referenced By]

[1] Albu SP, Ghicov A, Macak J, Hahn R, Schmuki P, Nano Lett., 7, 1286 (2007)

[2] van der Meulen T, Mattson A, Osterlund L, J. Catal., 251(1), 131 (2007)

[3] Hoffmann MR, Martin ST, Choi WY, Bahnemann DW, Chem. Rev., 95(1), 69 (1995)

[4] Krishnakumar B, Subash B, Swaminathan M, Sep. Purif. Technol., 85, 35 (2012)

[5] Khodja AA, Sehili T, Pitichowshi JF, Boule P, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A-Chem., 141, 231 (2001)

[6] Marci G, Augugliaro V, Munoz MJL, Martin C, Palmisano L, Rives V, Sehhiavello M, Tilley RJD, Venezia AM, J. Phys. Chem. B, 105, 1033 (2001)

[7] Dijken AV, Janssen AH, Smitsmans MHP, Vanmaekelbergh D, Meijerink A, Chem. Mater., 10, 3513 (1998)

[8] Wang C, Wang XM, Xu BQ, Zhao JC, Mai BX, Peng PA, Sheng GY, Fu JM, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A-Chem., 168, 47 (2004)

[9] Gouvea CAK, Wypych F, Moraes SG, Duran N, Peralta-Zamora P, Chemosphere, 40, 427 (2000)

[10] Abe T, Suzuki E, Nagoshi K, Miyashita K, Kaneko M, J. Phys. Chem. B, 103(7), 1119 (1999)

[11] Subramanian V, Wolf EE, Kamat PV, J. Phys. Chem. B, 107(30), 7479 (2003)

[12] Etacheri V, Roshan R, Kumar V, Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 4(5), 2717 (2012)

[13] Ranjit KT, Viswanathan B, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A-Chem., 108(1), 79 (1997)

[14] Li D, Haneda H, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A-Chem., 160, 203 (2003)

[15] Subash B, Krishnakumar B, Swaminathan M, Shanthi M, J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem., 366, 54 (2013)

[16] Kuzhalosai V, Subash B, Senthilraja A, Dhatshanamurthi P, Shanthi M, Spectroc. Acta Pt. A-Molec. Biomolec. Spectr., 115, 876 (2013)

[17] Subash B, Krishnakumar B, Pandiyan V, Swaminathan M, Shanthi M, Sep. Purif. Technol., 96, 204 (2012)

[18] Krishnakumar B, Imae T, Miras J, Esquena J, Sep. Purif. Technol., 132, 281 (2014)

[19] Kwon YT, Song KY, Lee WI, Choi GJ, Do YR, J. Catal., 191(1), 192 (2000)

[20] Tebby Z, Uddin T, Nicolas Y, Toupance T, Labrugere C, Hirsch L, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 3, 1485 (2011)

[21] Esen B, Yumak T, Sinag A, Yildiz T, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A-Chem., 87, 267 (2011)

[22] Xi GC, Ye JH, Inorg. Chem., 49(5), 2302 (2010)

[23] Krishnakumar B, Swaminathan M, Spectroc. Acta Pt. A-Molec. Biomolec. Spectr., 81, 739 (2011)

[24] Choi SW, Katoch A, Sun GJ, Kim SS, Sens. Actuators B-Chem., 181, 787 (2013)

[25] Li FB, Li XZ, Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 228(1-2), 15 (2002)

[26] Zhang P, Shao CL, Li XH, Zhang MY, Zhang X, Sun YY, Liu YC, J. Hazard. Mater., 237, 331 (2012)

[27] Dzhurinskii BF, Gati D, Sergushin NP, Nefedov VI, Salyn YV, Russ. J. Inorg. Chem., 20, 2307 (1975)

[28] Chang ST, Leu IC, Hon MH, J. Cryst. Growth, 273(1-2), 195 (2004)

[29] Wagner CD, Riggs WM, Davis LE, Moulder JF, Muilenberg GE, Handbook of XRay Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Perkin-Elmer Corporation, Physical Electronics Division, Eden Prairie, Minn, USA, 1979.

[30] Subash B, Krishnakumar B, Swaminathan M, Shanthi M, Langmuir, 29(3), 939 (2013)

[31] Velmurugan R, Krishnakumar B, Subash B, Swaminathan M, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 108, 205 (2013)

[32] Evgenidou E, Fytianos K, Poulios I, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 59(1-2), 81 (2005)

[33] Sobana N, Swaminathan M, Sep. Purif. Technol., 56(1), 101 (2007)

[34] Krishnakumar B, Swaminathan M, Desalin. Water Treat., 51(34-36), 6572 (2013)

[35] Sauleda R, Brillas E, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 29(2), 135 (2001)

[36] Zhao L, Ma J, Sun ZZ, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 79(3), 244 (2008)

[37] Balachandran S, Selvam K, Babu B, Swaminathan M, J. Chem. Soc.-Dalton Trans., 42, 16365 (2013)