This study was to evaluate the biocompatibility, as determined by corrosion resistance and cell responses, of TiO2 nano-mesh layer on polished Ti surface. Results showed that a TiO2 nano-mesh layer was formed on the anodized Ti surface through electrochemical anodization treatment. In comparison to the polished Ti surface. the presence of TiO2 nano-mesh layer on the anodized Ti surface increased the corrosion potential and decreased the corrosion rate and passive current in simulated body fluid. The nano-mesh layer also caused better cell adhesion and spreading, as well as faster cell proliferation and initial differentiation. Overall, this TiO2 nano-mesh layer improved the biocompatibility of Ti surface. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.