초록 |
Three-dimensional (3D) printing has emerged as a viable method for fabricating highly precise scaffolds for biomedical applications. Due to their shear-thinning properties, cellulose nanofibril (CNF) hydrogels have garnered considerable interest as a material for 3D printing. Optimization of the CNF's rheological properties is critical for high-fidelity matrix-assisted 3D printing, which enables the fabrication of fluidic soft materials in their free-form structure. We propose the following generic criteria to determine the printability of CNF hydrogels during the printing process: the sharpness of an angled line, the cross-sectional ratio of a feature, the roughness of the surface of features, and the completeness of multi-line writing. The concentration and rheology of CNF had an effect on the printability as determined by the four criteria, and findings from this study, we suggest the optimal printability conditions. |