High-intensity ultrasonic irradiation was used to improve the synthesis of cellulose-fiber-templated beta-SiC by poly(carbomethylsilane) infiltration, and this improved method was also applied to the synthesis of biomorphic SiC materials from jute fiber, bark from a paperbark tree, bamboo fibers, and butterfly wing. The method could also be applied to produce a composite material, containing Ca, Si, C, and O, from poly(carbomethylsilane) and the bone of a cuttlefish. The parent structures were replicated with high fidelity in the final ceramics. Cellulose-fiber-and paperbark-templated beta-SiC samples were impregnated with Ni particles, and the resulting material was used as a catalyst for cellulose pyrolysis. The Ni/paperbark-templated beta-SiC catalyst was more effective for H-2 generation, likely because paperbark-templated beta-SiC had a higher surface area and average pore size than the cellulose-templated beta-SiC. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.