Lignin in pretreated cellulosic biomass can non-productively adsorb cellulase, resulting in loss of a significant portion of this expensive protein. In addition, lignin interferes with the path for cellulase action, slowing down hydrolysis. Thus, the effectiveness of enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated lignocellulosic biomass can be significantly enhanced if lignin is removed or effectively modified before adding enzymes. In this study, the enzymatic digestibilities of solids resulting from using the surfactants Tween-80, dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid, and polyethylene glycol 4000 during water-only or dilute acid pretreatment of corn stover at 140-220 degrees C were evaluated. All of these surfactants increased lignin removal during pretreatment and reduced non-productive binding of enzymes on the biomass surface, but Tween-80 increased enzymatic hydrolysis yields and enhanced total sugar recovery more than the other two. Surfactant pretreatment was found to improve lignin solubility, which could improve cellulose digestibility by reducing unproductive binding to enzyme, and also appeared to enhance performance by modifying the biomass surface. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.