Climate change will be the first truly global challenge for sustainability Energy production and consumption from fossil fuels has central role in respect to climate change, but also to sustainability in general Because climate change is regionally driven with global consequences and is a result of economic imperatives and social values it requires a redefinition as to the balance of these outcomes globally and regionally in Kosovo Kosovo as one of the richest countries with lignite in Europe with 95-97% of the electric power production from lignite and with 90% of vehicles over 10 years old represents one of the regions with the greatest ratio of CO(2) emissions per unit of GDP as well as one of the countries with the most polluted atmosphere in Europe The modelling is carried out regionally for Kosovo for two dynamical systems which are the main emitters of greenhouse gases (CO(2) CH(4) NO(x) etc) and air pollutants (CO, SO(2), dust CH(x) etc) electricity generation and transportation emissions systems for the time period 2000-2025 Various energy scenarios of the future are shown We demonstrate that a transition to environmentally compatible sustainable energy use in Kosovo is possible Implementing the emission reduction policies and introducing new technologies in electrical power production and transportation in Kosovo ensure a sustainable future development in Kosovo electric power production and transport that become increasingly environmentally compatible (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved