Many chemical agents have been used to enhance oil recovery in the high water cut stage of heterogeneous reservoirs. In this article, a new agent "elastic microspheres" was designed and the composing parameters were optimized. Using a high temperature and high pressure viscometer; the viscoelasticity of elastic microspheres was characterized. Then the characteristics and influencing factors of. elastic microspheres profile control and flooding were studied through sand-pack displacement experiments. At last, physical simulation and field tests were conducted. The results can effectively provide guidance for the popularization and application of the new profile control and flooding agent.