The results of microbiological tests of 3-organilhydroxymethyl-1,3-oxazacycloalkanes, which are synthesized for the first time and are distinguished by specific structural fragments in the heterocycle or in the substituent at the nitrogen atom are reported. A correlation between the chemical structure and the antimicrobial activity of these compounds is established. It is shown that the presence of bound formaldehyde in the molecules of 3-organilhydroxymethyl-1,3-oxazacycloalkanes is not a determining factor for the antimicrobial activity of these compounds. The activity and specificity of action of these compounds depend on the nature of the heterocycle as well as on the composition and structure of the substituents at the nitrogen atom.