The unsteady flow of an Oldroyd-B fluid with fractional derivative model, between two infinite coaxial circular cylinders, is studied by using finite Hankel and Laplace transforms. The motion is produced by the inner cylinder that, at time t = 0(+), is subject to a time-dependent longitudinal shear stress. The solutions that have been obtained, presented under series form in terms of the generalized G and R functions, satisfy all imposed initial and boundary conditions. The corresponding solutions for ordinary Oldroyd-B and generalized and ordinary Maxwell and Newtonian fluids, performing the same motion, are obtained as limiting cases of our general solutions. Finally, the influence of the pertinent parameters on the fluid motion, as well as a comparison between models, is shown by graphical illustrations.