An electrode having immobilized glucose oxidase (GOx) was modified with polyhydroquinone (PHQ), which was employed as an electron-transferring mediator, by a simple electrochemical method and used as the anode of a glucose fuel cell. The GOx-immobilized electrode was fabricated by attaching polyallylamine (PAAm) and then GOx covalently onto a gold electrode covered with a monolayer formed with 3-mercaptopropionic acid. Subsequently, the GOx-immobilized electrode (GOx/PAAm electrode) was modified with PHQ by electrodeposition of hydroquinone. The cyclic voltammogram of the modified electrode (PHQ/GOx/PAAm electrode) in a phosphate buffer solution (0.10 M, pH 7.0) showed redox peaks due to the electrodeposited PHQ, whereas no redox peaks were found for the GOx/PAAm electrode in the buffer solution containing p-benzoquinone (BQ). The onset potential of glucose oxidation with the PHQ/GOx/PAAm electrode became ca. 0.2 V more negative than that observed with the GOx/PAAm electrode in the presence of BQ. The glucose fuel cell equipped with the PHQ/GOx/PAAm electrode as an anode gave a 3 times larger power output than the cell with the GOx/PAAm electrode using dissolved quinone as the mediator. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.