In the present paper, endo-beta-1,4-xylanase production by Aspergillus fumigatus was evaluated in solid-state fermentation using low-cost substrates such as sugarcane bagasse (SCB), brewer's spent grain (BSG), and wheat bran (WB). The partial characterization of the crude enzyme was also performed. In the experimental conditions, the highest levels of endo-beta-1,4-xylanase production by A. fumigatus FBSPE-05 occurred within 8 days incubation when using SCB/liquid medium at 1: 2 ratio (219.5 Ug(-1)) and 4 days incubation when using WB/liquid medium at 1: 1 ratio (215.6 Ug(-1)). Crude enzyme from this last condition was used to enzyme characterization, showing best enzyme activity at 60 degrees C and pH 6.0, which suggests a thermophilic endoxylanase. The crude enzyme retained 73% of its activity after 1 h at 60 degrees C, and zymogram has shown three bands of endo-beta-1,4-xylanase activity, with different molecular masses. A. fumigatus FBSPE-05 was able to grow and produce good levels of endo-beta-1,4-xylanase using agro-industrial by-products, making this strain worthy for further investigation. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the use of SCB and/or BSG as sole substrates for endoxylanase production by solid-state fermentation using A. fumigatus.