A novel and general strategy to fabricate monodisperse hollow supraparticles (SPs) via selective chemical oxidation is developed. Core-shell SPs made of semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) are first obtained by an in situ assembly method. Subsequently, the cores can be selectively removed by preferential oxidation with dilute H2O2, resulting in formation of monodisperse hollow SPs. The structural parameters of the products, such as size, shell thickness, and composition, are tailored easily. The hollow structures achieved from CdSe/CdS core-shell SPs possess high fluorescence quantum yields and a large Stokes shift, the latter is remarkably different from that of conventional organic dyes and quantum dots. In addition to simple hollow structures, rattle-type nanostructures composed of semiconductor SPs or noble metal-semiconductor hybrids are also prepared, exemplifying the versatility of the proposed strategy.