Cavitation and superstructure evolution of polymers during stretching play crucial roles to influence the mechanical properties of materials. In this study, we investigated deformation-mediated superstructures and cavitation of poly (L-lactide) (PLA) as well as their dependence on stretching temperatures by in-situ small-angle X-ray (SAXS) analysis coupled with mechanical testing. It is found that the cavitation and crystalline deformation are strongly influenced by stretching stress during deformation, which significantly depends on the stretching temperature. At lower stretching temperature (70 degrees C), the cavitation is initiated before the yielding and then stimulates the crystallite shearing. At higher stretching temperature (90 degrees C), however, the crystallites shear firstly and then crystalline deformation promotes the formation of cavities orientated along the stretching direction. High stretching temperature benefits the formation of relatively perfect crystals with high orientation. The results provide the basic knowledge of how to adjust the mechanical properties of polymer materials by controlling their superstructure in the deformation process. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.