Condensation polymerization of 6-(N-substituted-amino)-2-naphthoic acid esters (1) was investigated as an extension of chain-growth condensation polymerization (CGCP). Methyl 6-(3,7-dimethyloctylamino)-2-naphthoate (1b) was polymerized at -10 degrees C in the presence of phenyl 4-methylbenzoate (2) as an initiator and lithium 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyldisilazide (LiHMDS) as a base. When the feed ratio [1a](0)/[2](0) was 10 or 20, poly(naphthalenecarboxamide) with defined molecular weight and low polydispersity was obtained, together with a small amount of cyclic trimer. However, polymer was precipitated during polymerization under similar conditions in [1a](0)/[2](0) - 34. To increase the solubility of the polymer, monomers 1c and 1d with a tri(ethylene glycol) (TEG) monomethyl ether side chain instead of the 3,7-dimethyloctyl side chain were synthesized. Polymerization of the methyl ester monomer 1c did not proceed well, affording only oligomer and unreacted 1c, whereas polymerization of the phenyl ester monomer 1d afforded well-defined poly(naphthalenecarboxamide) together with small amounts of cyclic oligomers in [1d](0)/[2](0) = 10 and 29. The polymerization at high feed ratio ([1d](0)/[2](0) = 32.6) was accompanied with self-condensation to give polyamide with a lower molecular weight than the calculated value. Such undesirable self-condensation would result from insufficient deactivation of the electrophilic ester moiety by the electron-donating resonance effect of the amide anion. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 49: 3020-3029, 2011