The anharmonic vibrational spectra of alpha-D-glucose, beta-D-glucose, and sucrose are computed by the vibrational self-consistent field (VSCF) method, using potential energy surfaces from electronic structure theory, for the lowest energy conformers that correspond to the gas phase and to the crystalline phase, respectively. The results are compared with ultraviolet-infrared (UV-IR) spectra of phenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside in a molecular beam, with literature results for sugars in matrices and with new experimental data for the crystalline state. Car-Parrinello dynamics simulations are also used to study temperature effects on the spectra of alpha-D-glucose and beta-D-glucose and to predict their vibrational spectra at 50, 150, and 300 K The effects of temperature on the spectral features are analyzed and compared with results of the VSCF calculations conducted at OK. The main results include: (i) new potential surfaces, constructed from Hartree-Fock, adjusted to fit harmonic frequencies from Moller-Plesset (MP2) calculations, that give very good agreement with gas phase, matrix, and solid state spectra; (ii) computed infrared spectra of the crystalline solid of alpha-glucose, which are substantially improved by including mimic groups that represent the effect of the solid environment on the sugar; and (iii) identification of a small number of combination-mode transitions, which are predicted to be strong enough for experimental observation. The results are used to assess the role of anharmonic effects in the spectra of the sugars in isolation and in the solid state and to discuss the spectroscopic accuracy of potentials from different electronic structure methods.