Highly exothermic and highly endothermic reactions require catalyst beds with good heat transfer characteristics. A novel catalyst structure, microfibrous entrapped catalyst (MFEC) structure, made of high thermal conductive metals can significantly improve heat transfer efficiency, compared with traditional packed beds (PB). First, the thermal parameters of metal MFEC were determined experimentally. In a stagnant gas, the radial effective thermal conductivity of Cu MFEC was 56-fold of that of alumina PB, while the inside wall heat transfer coefficient was 10 times of that of alumina PB. Compared to PB, even those made of pure copper particles, conductive metal MFEC also provides much more effective thermal conductivity and higher inside wall heat transfer coefficient in a flowing gas testing. In addition, an application of Cu MFEC in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) demonstrated an improvement in temperature distribution inside the catalyst bed and an increase in product selectivity. Furthermore, unlike monolith catalyst structures and metallic foams, the MFEC structure is compatible with pre-manufactured catalyst particles, very flexible and ease to be corrugated. Contrast to corrugated packing with a poor conductive contribution to heat transport, MFEC with a good self-dependent thermal conductivity does not require the recycle of gas or liquid to increase the convective term of heat transfer. Therefore, the conductive metal MFEC structures serve as a great catalyst structure to enhance the intra-bed heat transfer for highly exothermic or highly endothermic reactions, reducing temperature excursions in the reactors. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.