This article presents for the first time an in situ high-resolution study of the interaction between the active head in filiform corrosion (FFC) and intermetallic particles within an aluminium alloy. For the first time direct evidence will be provided that the intermetallic particles directly determine the so far seemingly random course of the filaments. Both the segments of active filaments and the intermetallic particles (IMPs) were successfully imaged in a humid air (ca. 85% RH) environment by scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) through a plasma polymer coating of about 340nm thickness. In order to be able to do that, the experimental parameters need to be adjusted in such a way, that the width of the filaments is small enough to be well within the scan window of SKPFM (100 mu m x 100 mu m). Also it is important that the small IMPs can still be mapped by SKPFM through the coating. This was successfully achieved by use of a HDMSO plasma polymer film. Surface potential values in the head region of the propagating filaments were found to be 200 mV lower than the interface between intact plasma polymer and the aluminium alloy, indicating the active region. On the other hand, the surface potential values in the trailing filament tail are found to be about 250 mV higher than background, pointing out the cathodic site and superpassivation due to the accumulated corrosion products in this region. It was found that the direction of the filament is determined by the location of the IMPs nearest to the active head. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.