Repetitive nanosecond pulse plasma assisted ignition and flameholding of premixed and non-premixed ethylene-air and hydrogen-air flows are studied in a cavity flow at a pressure of 0.2 atm and flow velocities of up to 100 m/s. Ignition occurs via formation of multiple filaments in the fuel-air plasma, although air plasma remains diffuse until the fuel is added. After ignition occurs in the cavity, with ignition delay time of a few milliseconds, the plasma becomes diffuse and the flame couples out to the main flow. The use of a short cavity (length-to-depth ratio LID = 1) results in repetitive ignition and flame blow-off, caused by slow mixing between the main flow and the cavity. Increasing the length-to-depth ratio to LID = 3, as well as choking inlet air and fuel flows resulted in stable flameholding and nearly complete combustion in both premixed and non-premixed ethylene-air and hydrogen-air flows at u = 35-100 m/s. Air plasma temperature before fuel is added ranges from 70 degrees C to 200 degrees C. When the nanosecond pulse discharge is operated in repetitive burst mode, continuous ethylene-air flame is maintained only at a high duty cycle, which increases with the flow velocity. In hydrogen-air, the flame remains stable after the plasma is turned off. Nanosecond pulse discharge ignition of ethylene-air is compared with ignition by DC arc discharge of approximately the same power. DC arc discharge results in sporadic ignition and flame blow-off, much lower burned fuel fraction, and significantly lower flow velocity at which ignition can be achieved. Kinetic modeling is used to identify the reduced mechanism of plasma chemical oxidation and ignition of hydrogen, and to demonstrate the mechanism of energy release low-temperature reactions of radicals generated in the plasma (primarily O and H atoms). (C) 2010 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.