Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal codominant disease characterized by high concentrations of proatherogenic lipoproteins secondary to deficiency in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor. We reported recently the use of in situ stem cell therapy of human adipose tissue-derived multilineage progenitor cells (hADMPCs) in lowering serum total cholesterol in the homozygous Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits, an animal model of homozygous FH. Here we demonstrate that pravastatin, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, augmented the cholesterol-lowering effect of transplanted hADMPCs and enhanced LDL clearance in homozygous WHHL rabbit. The results suggest the potential beneficial effects of in situ stem cell therapy in concert with appropriately selected pharmaceutical agents, in regenerative medicine. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.