화학공학소재연구정보센터
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol.16, No.3, 275-284, May, 1999
Analysis of the Solid Phase Copolymerization Grafting Process
Solid phase grafting, which is an emerging process for the production of graft copolymers, was analyzed and reviewed as an environmentally friendly and inexpensive graft copolymerization process. The effect of the process variables ; amount of initiator, catalyst, interfacial agent monomer, reaction temperature and reaction time were examined. Two graft copolymers, produced by solid phase salting, were used to show differences in graft percentage by changing the process conditions. The two graft copolymers used were maleic anhydride graft onto polypropylene and acrylic acid graft onto polystyrene. A proposed mechanism was given for each example and characteristic bonds proposed in the PP-g-MA mechanism was positively identified by NMR spectroscopy. Graft levels of 4 wt% PS-g-AAc and 9.6 wt% PP-g-MA were obtained providing comparable or superior graft levels to other grafting processes. Successful scale-up of the solid phase technique proved that this process is efficient and marketable.
  1. Bartick E, Corbett J, McClure G, ACS Symp. Ser., 197, 185 (1982)
  2. Bashir S, "Production of Sulfonated Ionomers by Solid Phase Process," Ph.D. Dissertation, The University of Akron (1994)
  3. Datta S, Lohse D, "Polymeric Compatibilizers," Hanser, New York (1996)
  4. Fujii M, Japan Patent, 50/77493 (1975)
  5. Fumio, Japan Patent, 55/23134 (1986)
  6. Lee S, Rengarajan R, U.S. Patent, 5,079,302 (1992)
  7. Lee S, Rengarajan R, Parameswaran V, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 41, 1891 (1990) 
  8. Nemecek, Czechoslovakian Patent, 227840 B (1986)
  9. Pan YK, Ruan JM, Zhou DF, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 65(10), 1905 (1997) 
  10. Rengarajan R, "Development of a Process for the Solid-Phase Graft Copolymerization of Polypropylene-Maleic Anhydride," Ph.D. Dissertation, The University of Akron (1993)
  11. Rengarajan R, Parameswaran V, Lee S, Polymer, 31(9), 1703 (1990) 
  12. Rengarajan R, Vicic M, Lee S, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 39(8), 1783 (1990) 
  13. Rengarajan R, Vicic M, Lee S, Polymer, 30(5), 933 (1989) 
  14. Shah S, "Solid Phase Graft Copolymerization of Butyl Acrylateo onto Polystyrene," M.S. Thesis, The University of Akron (1997)
  15. Sobocinski R, "Polycarbonate-g-Poly(methyl methacrylate) by Solid Phase Graft Copolymerization," M.S. Thesis, The University of Akron (1991)
  16. Subramanian S, "Solid Phase Graft Copolymerization of Acrylic Monomers onto Thermoplastics and Their Use as Blend Compatibilizers," Ph.D. Dissertation, The University of Akron (1998)
  17. Subramanian S, "Solid Phase Graft Copolymerization of Acrylic Acid onto Polystyrene," M.S. Thesis, The University of Akron (1995)
  18. Subramanian S, Lee SG, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 70(5), 1001 (1998) 
  19. Trevedi A, "Modification of Various Thermoplastic Polymers Through Graft Copolymerization Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide as a Solvent: Synthesis and Characterization," Ph.D. Dissertation, The University of Akron (1997)
  20. Zhang W, "Graft Copolymerization of Poly(vinyl chloride)-Vinyl Acetate in Solid Phase," M.S. Thesis, The University of Akron (1992)