In the present study, we performed hydrothermal method as a simple and efficient route for the synthesis of rutile TiO2 nanostructures in various concentrations of lithium hydroxide solutions. TiO2 nanopowders with average sizes of 15 and 23 nm were prepared using 4 M and 7 M LiOH solutions. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), transmission electron microscope (FEG-STEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) analyses were used in order to characterize the obtained products and comparison of the morphology of the powders obtained in different concentrations of LiOH solvent. It was shown that alkali solution concentration has affected the crystallinity, agglomeration ratio, particle size and specific surface area of the obtained rutile phases. (c) 2010 The Society of Powder Technology Japan. Published by Elsevier B.V. and The Society of Powder Technology Japan. All rights reserved.