The electrical conduction behavior of Sr substituted proton conductor Ba1-xSrxCe0.9Nd0.1O3-delta (X=0-0.2) synthesized via citrate-nitrate method was investigated by various concentration cell measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The structural distortion with Sr substitution obviously decreased the oxygen ion contribution but increased the proton and total ion transference number in both hydrogen-rich and oxygen-rich atmospheres. The increasing structural distortion with Sr content led to a significant decrease in oxygen ion conductivity, whilst slightly reducing proton conductivity. Sr substituted BaCeO3-based compounds seem to be good proton conductors with further modification of the proton conductivity. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.