The adsorptive performances of alkaline treated peat have been investigated for the removal of Pb(II), Co(II), and Ni(II) ions from aqueous solutions. The influence of initial metal ions concentration and equilibrium contact time was studied in a series of batch experiments, in comparison with natural peat. An increasing of adsorption capacity of alkaline treated peat was obtained for all studied heavy metals (23.07% - Pb(II), 23.53% - Co(II), and 26.19% -Ni(II)). The Langmuir isotherm model was the best model for the mathematical description of studied heavy metals adsorption on alkaline treated peat. A significant decrease of equilibrium contact time in case of alkaline treated peat was also found. The kinetics of Pb(II), Co(II), and Ni(II) uptake by alkaline treated peat followed the pseudo-second order mechanism. The FT-IR spectrometry analysis showed that carboxylic (-COO-) and hydroxyl (-OH) groups play an important role in the heavy metals binding process. The heavy metal could by easily eluted from the loaded adsorbent with 0.1mol/L HCl and the adsorbent may be reused in several adsorption/desorption cycles. The alkaline treated peat has better adsorption characteristics for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions, and the cost of this treatment is very low.