The conversions of NiAs-type structures of transition metal chalcogenides (FeS and CoSe) to pyrite-type structures of dichalcogenides (FeS2 and CoSe2, respectively) under irradiation by HeNe laser (wavelength, 632.8 nm; intensity, 6 x 10(4) W/cm(2)) have been investigated Using Raman spectroscopy. The laser-induced conversions give rise to Raman peaks corresponding to vibrations of S-S or Se-Se bonds of respective pyrite structures. The results are of interest For the characterization and fabrication of pyrite-like structures necessary for applications as oxygen reduction reaction catalysts. Material modifications at the micrometer and submicrometer levels are attainable. I-lie structural conversions are accompanied by self-polymerization of excess chalcogen. Extended laser irradiation (> 500 s) in air induces the substitution of chalcogen (S or Se) by oxygen in the chalcogenide materials and the subsequent formation of transition metal (Fe or Co) oxides. Excess chalcogen appears to prevent further oxidation. The article also presents conditions necessary to avoid laser-induced structural changes and oxidation of metal chalcogenide materials during Raman measurements.