SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION AND BIOASSAY IDENTIFICATION OF PRODRUG SUBSTANCES FROM NATURAL RESOURCES

Noh MJ; Choi ES; Kim SH; Yoo KP; Choi YH; Chin YW; Kim J

Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol.14, No.2, 109-116, March, 1997

Noh MJ, Choi ES, Kim SH, Yoo KP, Choi YH, Chin YW, Kim J

For arbitrarily chosen thirty types of natural resources which have been widely used in oriental traditional herb medicine, supercritical CO₂ extraction （SFE） and organic liquid aolvent extraction (LSE) with n-hexane, chloroform and methanol were carried out to extract pharmaceutical substances. To evaluate relative advantages and shortcomings between the SFE and LSE, five types of bioactivity assays as well as gas- and thin layer-chromatographic analysis were performed for all the extracts obtained by the two extraction methods. Types of bioassays performed included cytotoxicity, bleb forming, DNA binding, oxygen free radical scavenger and Xanthine oxidase inhibitor tests. To evaluate economic viability of the SFE over the traditional LSE, extractability of prodrug substances was evaluated as the functions of extraction temperature and pressure. SFE was proven to be a feasible alternative over LSE. Also, the optimum SFE conditions which provided maximum extraction and cytotoxivity for each selected sample were presented.

Keywords:Supercritical Extraction;Carbon Dioxide;Pharmaceutical Substances;Natural Plant Materials;Bioassays;Cytotoxicities

[References]

Baugh PJ, "Gas Chromatography," IRL Press, New York (1993)
Bevan CD, Marshall PS, Nat. Prod. Rep., 11, 451 (1994)
Bicchi C, Rubiolo P, Frattini C, Sandra P, David F, J. Nat. Prod., 54, 941 (1991)
Choi YH, Kim J, Noh MJ, Park EM, Yoo KP, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 13(2), 216 (1996)
Dey PM, Harborne JB, "Methods in Plant Biochemistry," Academic Press, New York, Vol. 1, 4, 7 (1991)
Han DS, "Saeng Yak Hak," Dong-Myung Sa, Seoul (1992)
Hostettmann K, "Assays for Bioactivity," Academic Press, New York (1991)
Joo SJ, Choi YH, Kim J, Noh MJ, Park EM, Yoo KP, "Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Pharmaceutical Agents from Plant Materials in Korea," Proc. 3rd Int. Symp. Supercriti. Fluids, Strasbourg, France, 2, 407 (1994)
King MB, Bott TR, "Extraction of Natural Products Using Near-Critical Solvents," Chapman & Hall, London (1993)
Larson KL, King ML, Biotechnol. Prog., 2, 73 (1986)
Lilian LB, "Chinese Herba Medicine," Eastland Press, Seattle (1986)
Liu B, Lockwood B, Gifford LA, J. Chromatogr., 690, 250 (1995)
Ma X, Yu X, Zhang Z, Mao J, Chromatographia, 32, 40 (1991)
McHugh M, Krukonis V, "Supercritical Fluid Extraction-Principles and Practices," 2nd ed., Butterworths, Boston (1994)
Modey WK, Mulholland DA, Raynor MW, Phytochem. Anal., 4, 1 (1996)
Rizvi SSH, "Supercritical Fluid Processing of Food and Biomaterials," Blackie Academic and Professional, London (1994)
Smith RM, Burford MD, J. Chromatogr., 627, 255 (1991)
Stahl E, Quirin KW, Gerard D, "Dense Gases for Extraction and Refining," Springer-Verlag, New York (1981)
Trevor R, "The Organic Constituents of Higher Plants," Cordus Press, North Amherst, 6th ed. (1991)
Wagner H, Einsenbrand G, Zgainski EM, "Plant Drug Analysis," Springer-Verlag, New York (1984)

[Referenced By]

[1] Baugh PJ, "Gas Chromatography," IRL Press, New York (1993)

[2] Bevan CD, Marshall PS, Nat. Prod. Rep., 11, 451 (1994)

[3] Bicchi C, Rubiolo P, Frattini C, Sandra P, David F, J. Nat. Prod., 54, 941 (1991)

[4] Choi YH, Kim J, Noh MJ, Park EM, Yoo KP, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 13(2), 216 (1996)

[5] Dey PM, Harborne JB, "Methods in Plant Biochemistry," Academic Press, New York, Vol. 1, 4, 7 (1991)

[6] Han DS, "Saeng Yak Hak," Dong-Myung Sa, Seoul (1992)

[7] Hostettmann K, "Assays for Bioactivity," Academic Press, New York (1991)

[8] Joo SJ, Choi YH, Kim J, Noh MJ, Park EM, Yoo KP, "Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Pharmaceutical Agents from Plant Materials in Korea," Proc. 3rd Int. Symp. Supercriti. Fluids, Strasbourg, France, 2, 407 (1994)

[9] King MB, Bott TR, "Extraction of Natural Products Using Near-Critical Solvents," Chapman & Hall, London (1993)

[10] Larson KL, King ML, Biotechnol. Prog., 2, 73 (1986)

[11] Lilian LB, "Chinese Herba Medicine," Eastland Press, Seattle (1986)

[12] Liu B, Lockwood B, Gifford LA, J. Chromatogr., 690, 250 (1995)

[13] Ma X, Yu X, Zhang Z, Mao J, Chromatographia, 32, 40 (1991)

[14] McHugh M, Krukonis V, "Supercritical Fluid Extraction-Principles and Practices," 2nd ed., Butterworths, Boston (1994)

[15] Modey WK, Mulholland DA, Raynor MW, Phytochem. Anal., 4, 1 (1996)

[16] Rizvi SSH, "Supercritical Fluid Processing of Food and Biomaterials," Blackie Academic and Professional, London (1994)

[17] Smith RM, Burford MD, J. Chromatogr., 627, 255 (1991)

[18] Stahl E, Quirin KW, Gerard D, "Dense Gases for Extraction and Refining," Springer-Verlag, New York (1981)

[19] Trevor R, "The Organic Constituents of Higher Plants," Cordus Press, North Amherst, 6th ed. (1991)

[20] Wagner H, Einsenbrand G, Zgainski EM, "Plant Drug Analysis," Springer-Verlag, New York (1984)