Throughout this work, the synthesis, thermal as well as proton conducting properties of acid doped heterocyclic polymer were studied under anhydrous conditions. In this context, poly(1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole), PVTri was produced by free radical polymerization of 1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole with a high yield. The structure of the homopolymer was proved by FTIR and solid state C-13 CP-MAS NMR spectroscopy. The polymer was doped with p-toluenesulfonic acid at various molar ratios, x = 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, with respect to polymer repeating unit. The proton transfer from p-toluenesulfonic acid to the triazole rings was proved with FTIR spectroscopy. Thermogravimetry analysis showed that the samples are thermally stable up to similar to 250 degrees C. Differential scanning calorimetry results illustrated that the materials are homogeneous and the dopant strongly affects the glass transition temperature of the host polymer. Cyclic voltammetry results showed that the electrochemical stability domain extends over 3 V. The proton conductivity of these materials increased with dopant concentration and the temperature. Charge transport relaxation times were derived via complex electrical modulus formalism (M*). The temperature dependence of conductivity relaxation times showed that the proton conductivity occurs via structure diffusion. In the anhydrous state, the proton conductivity of PVTri1PTSA and PVTri2PTSA was measured as 8 x 10(-4) S/cm at 150 degrees C and 0.012 S/cm at 110 degrees C, respectively. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 1016-1021, 2010