Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, Vol.40, No.3, 581-592, 2010
New oxygen evolution anodes for metal electrowinning: investigation of local physicochemical processes on composite electrodes with conductive atomic force microscopy and scanning electrochemical microscopy
Atomic force microscopy (AFM), conductive atomic force microscopy (CAFM) in air, and scanning electrochemcial microscopy (SECM) in 2 M H2SO4 have been used to investigate model composite electrodes obtained by pressing sieved MnO2 particles into a Pb matrix. These model electrodes shall resemble new composite electrodes produced by coldspraying and currently being tested for Zn electrowinning. CAFM showed a very uneven distribution of the current path through the matrix electrode with the highest currents measured at the MnO2/Pb domain boundary. SECM images in the substrate-generation/tip-collection mode in vertical and horizontal planes could show spatial concentration distribution of H+, O-2 and H2O2 that could be evaluated qualitatively despite interfering turbulent convection due to raising gas bubbles. There is a concentration overvoltage due to deviations of the H+ and O-2 concentration close to the surface from the bulk value. It amounts to about 40-50 mV for both compounds. H2O2 is formed as an intermediate and is consumed at the MnO2 catalyst particles.
Keywords:Composite electrodes;Electrowinning;Lead electrode;Manganese dioxide;Electrocatalysis;Oxygen evolution;Atomic force microscopy;Conductive atomic force microscopy;Scanning electrochemical microscopy