International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.53, No.9-10, 2065-2073, 2010
Line fountain behavior at low-Reynolds number
In this paper. we present line fountain behavior at low-Reynolds numbers obtained by experiments The experiments are conducted over the range of Reynolds number 2 1 less than or similar to Re less than or similar to 127 and Froude number 0 4 less than or similar to Fr less than or similar to 42. It is observed that the fountain behavior can be categorized broadly into four regimes. the steady: flapping: laminar mixing: and jet-type mixing behavior, at full development. The critical Froude number for transition from a steady to unsteady flow varies with the Reynolds number. For Re greater than or similar to 60, the transition is independent of Re and is well described by the Fr similar to 1 0 line. Over the range 10 < Re less than or similar to 50. the transition can be approximated by a constant FrRe2/3 line. For Re less than or similar to 10, there is a higher dependency on the Reynolds number with a very sharp increase in the critical Froude number and it is hypothesized that the demarcation line follows Fr similar to Re-n, where n approximate to 2-4. The fountain exhibits flapping behavior in the range 13Re(-2/3) less than or similar to Fr less than or similar to 37Re(-2/3). These observed fountain behaviors are mapped on to a Re-Fr plot In addition. the observed, non-dimensionalised fountain height z(m) is found to be in reasonable agreement with previous results on laminar line fountains. In particular. the experimental results confirm the scaling z(m) similar to FrRe-1/2 in the steady regime which was obtained previously by scaling analysis (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.