Structure characteristics, pyrolysis, and gasification reactivity of Lingwu coal and its macerals were studied by means of ultimate analysis, Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis techniques. The results indicate that Lingwu coal has the characteristics of a typical weak reducibility coal, which has higher atomic O/C ratio, aromaticity, ring condensation number, ring condensation index, and lower atomic H/C ratio. Lingwu coal inertinite contains more aromatic structure units than the vitrinite. The pyrolysis reactivity sequence for Lingwu coal is vitrinite raw coal inertinite. The gasification reactivity sequence is just the reverse: inertinite char raw coal char vitrinite char. The pyrolysis reactivity decreases and the gasification reactivity increases gently as the inertinite content increases in the experimental samples. In addition, Lingwu coal has lower pyrolysis reactivity and higher gasification reactivity compared to Pingshuo coal, which is considered as strong reducibility.