Rheological characterization for the gelation process of polyaniline-emeraldine base/NMP solution by oscillatory test

Joon-Sung Tae; Byung-Ohk Rhee; Suck-Hyun Lee

Korea-Australia Rheology Journal, Vol.22, No.4, 273-278, December, 2010

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Rheological characterization for the gelation process of polyaniline-emeraldine base/NMP solution by oscillatory test

Joon-Sung Tae, Byung-Ohk Rhee^†, and Suck-Hyun Lee¹

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, 443-749, Korea
¹Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 443-749, Korea

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The gelation process of the 4 wt.% PAni-EB/NMP solution was characterized by measuring the viscoelastic property in oscillatory test. The solution showed a weak gel state in which the storage modulus decreased rapidly even at low strain in the constant angular frequency test, and the damping factor increased rapidly to a state of typical viscous liquid at a specific angular frequency in the early stage of the constant strain test. It was supposed that the weak bonding of dipole force between polymer molecules was broken by the external deformation. The angular frequency of the sudden change in the damping factor was defined as a critical angular frequency. The PAni solutions with a prior shear deformation resulted in the lower critical angular frequency, showing the delay of gelation process by the prior shear deformation. The PAni solution with the metal-organic framework(MOF) resulted in the lower critical angular frequency proving the antigel effect of the MOF.

Keywords:polyaniline;gelation;weak gel;critical angular frequency;gel inhibitor;MOF

[References]

Adolf D, Martin JE, Wilcoxon JP, Macromolecules., Evolution of structure and viscoelasticity in an epoxy near the sol-gel-transition, 23, 527 (1990)
Choi EY, Gao C, Lee HJ, Kwon OP, Lee SH, Chemical Communications., Transformation of framework solids into processible metallopolymers, 48, 7563 (2009)
Jain R, Gregory RV, Synthetic Metals., Solubility and rheological characterization of polyaniline base in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone and N,N'-dimethylpropylene urea, 74, 263 (1995)
Jeon BH, Kim S, Choi MH, Chung IJ, Synthetic Metals., Synthesis and characterization of polyaniline-polycarbonate composites prepared by an emulsion polymerization, 104, 95 (1999)
Kavanagh GM, Ross-Murphy SB, Progress in Polymer Science., Rheological characterisation of polymer gels, 23, 533 (1998)
Lee K, Cho S, Sung HP, Heeger AJ, Lee CW, Lee SH, Nature., Metallic transport in polyaniline, 441, 65 (2006)
Lee SH, Lee DH, Lee K, Lee CW, Adv. Funct. Mater., High performance polyaniline prepared via polymerization in a self-stabilized dispersion, 15(9), 1495 (2005)
Lee YM, Kim JH, Kang JS, Ha SY, Macromolecules, 33(20), 7431 (2000)
Matsunaga T, Shibayama M, Physical Review E., Gel point determination of gelatin hydrogels by dynamic light scattering and rheological measurements., 76, 30401 (2007)
Pan W, Yang SL, Li G, Jiang JM, European Polymer Journal., Electrical and structural analysis of conductive polyaniline/polyacrylonitrile composites, 41, 2127 (2005)
Tariq S, Giacomin AJ, Gunasekaran S, Biorheology., Nonlinear viscoelasticity of cheese, 35, 171 (1998)
Wallace GG, Spinks GM, Kane-Maguire LAP, Teasdale PR, Conductive Electroactive Polymers-Intelligent materials systems, CRC Press, Boca Raton. (2003)
Wang CC, Chang RY, Proceedings of ANTEC 2008., Molecular dynamics simulation of viscoelastic properties and slip behavior of thin films of n-hexadecane in the shear flow, 892 (2008)
Winter HH, GEL POINT, Encyclopedia of Polymer Science & Engineering, Vol. 10, 2nd ed., John Wiley & Sons, & Engineering, Vol. 10, 2nd ed., John Wiley & Sons, West Sussex. (1986)
Winter HH, Chambon F, Journal of Rheology., Analysis of linear viscoelasticity of a crosslinking polymer at the gel point, 30, 367 (1986)
Yang D, Adams PN, Brown L, Mattes BR, Synthetic Metals., Impact of hydrogen bonds in polyaniline AMPSAn/acid solutions, 156, 1225 (2006)
Yang D, Mattes BR, Synthetic Metals., Investigation of gel inhibitor assisted dissolution of polyaniline: A case study for emeraldine base, 2-methyl-aziridine, and N-methyl-pyrrolidone, 101, 746 (1999)

[Referenced By]

[1] Adolf D, Martin JE, Wilcoxon JP, Macromolecules., Evolution of structure and viscoelasticity in an epoxy near the sol-gel-transition, 23, 527 (1990)

[2] Choi EY, Gao C, Lee HJ, Kwon OP, Lee SH, Chemical Communications., Transformation of framework solids into processible metallopolymers, 48, 7563 (2009)

[3] Jain R, Gregory RV, Synthetic Metals., Solubility and rheological characterization of polyaniline base in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone and N,N'-dimethylpropylene urea, 74, 263 (1995)

[4] Jeon BH, Kim S, Choi MH, Chung IJ, Synthetic Metals., Synthesis and characterization of polyaniline-polycarbonate composites prepared by an emulsion polymerization, 104, 95 (1999)

[5] Kavanagh GM, Ross-Murphy SB, Progress in Polymer Science., Rheological characterisation of polymer gels, 23, 533 (1998)

[6] Lee K, Cho S, Sung HP, Heeger AJ, Lee CW, Lee SH, Nature., Metallic transport in polyaniline, 441, 65 (2006)

[7] Lee SH, Lee DH, Lee K, Lee CW, Adv. Funct. Mater., High performance polyaniline prepared via polymerization in a self-stabilized dispersion, 15(9), 1495 (2005)

[8] Lee YM, Kim JH, Kang JS, Ha SY, Macromolecules, 33(20), 7431 (2000)

[9] Matsunaga T, Shibayama M, Physical Review E., Gel point determination of gelatin hydrogels by dynamic light scattering and rheological measurements., 76, 30401 (2007)

[10] Pan W, Yang SL, Li G, Jiang JM, European Polymer Journal., Electrical and structural analysis of conductive polyaniline/polyacrylonitrile composites, 41, 2127 (2005)

[11] Tariq S, Giacomin AJ, Gunasekaran S, Biorheology., Nonlinear viscoelasticity of cheese, 35, 171 (1998)

[12] Wallace GG, Spinks GM, Kane-Maguire LAP, Teasdale PR, Conductive Electroactive Polymers-Intelligent materials systems, CRC Press, Boca Raton. (2003)

[13] Wang CC, Chang RY, Proceedings of ANTEC 2008., Molecular dynamics simulation of viscoelastic properties and slip behavior of thin films of n-hexadecane in the shear flow, 892 (2008)

[14] Winter HH, GEL POINT, Encyclopedia of Polymer Science & Engineering, Vol. 10, 2nd ed., John Wiley & Sons, & Engineering, Vol. 10, 2nd ed., John Wiley & Sons, West Sussex. (1986)

[15] Winter HH, Chambon F, Journal of Rheology., Analysis of linear viscoelasticity of a crosslinking polymer at the gel point, 30, 367 (1986)

[16] Yang D, Adams PN, Brown L, Mattes BR, Synthetic Metals., Impact of hydrogen bonds in polyaniline AMPSAn/acid solutions, 156, 1225 (2006)

[17] Yang D, Mattes BR, Synthetic Metals., Investigation of gel inhibitor assisted dissolution of polyaniline: A case study for emeraldine base, 2-methyl-aziridine, and N-methyl-pyrrolidone, 101, 746 (1999)