The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from a patient with pneumoconiosis induced by cemented tungsten carbide (WC) was analyzed by micro-X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) analysis. The BALF precipitate was dried and subjected to fluorescence XAFS using polycapillary focused X-rays. The W L-1-edge XANES spectrum of the BALF precipitate could be identified as that of WC. Thus, a low concentration of WC could be detected from BALF using micro-XAFS without excess biopsy.