The influence of different dopants in varying contents on the activity and selectivity of Ni-based methanation catalysts under proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) relevant conditions (hydrogen-rich gas reformate with low concentrations of CO and excess CO2) Was investigated. The modification of Ni100Ox, with 2.2 mol% of Re resulted in a catalyst highly inactive for both the methanation of CO and CO2 while the addition of Zr led to an enhanced CO and CO2 methanation activity. Further modification of Zr10Ni90Ox with small amounts of Re caused a drastically decreased reactivity towards the undesired hydrogenation of CO2 while that for CO was practically unchanged. Solo methanation experiments unambiguously reveal that this increase in selectivity is based on a loss of the intrinsic CO2 reactivity and not necessarily associated with any competition for active sites between the different kinds of carbon oxides. A detailed study of the impact of the compositional variations on structural and chemical properties was performed using nitrogen physisorption, hydrogen chemisorption, temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), temperature-programmed desorption experiments of (CO2 KO2 TPD), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) as well as TEM. As a part of the catalytically active Ni particles, Re changes the surface of the catalyst resulting in drastically altered catalytic properties while Zr or the Ni-ZrO2 interfacial region seems to play a decisive role in the activation of the CO molecule. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.