Human heat shock protein 60 (hsp60) is a mitochondrial protein that functions as a molecular chaperone. Recently, it has been observed that hsp60 can become exposed on the cell surface and released into the extracellular space. Extracellular hsp60 is thought to function as a danger signal that activates the immune response. However, concerns have been raised that the effects of recombinant hsp60 on cytokines might be the result of contamination with bacterial components, given that the recombinant hsp60 protein used in these studies was produced with a bacterial expression system. In the present study, recombinant hsp60 was produced using a eukaryotic expression system, and the resulting protein was purified. The results obtained demonstrated that recombinant hsp60 was secreted efficiently from cells when fused to the leader peptide of interleukin-2 and the secreted protein was modified by N-linked glycosylation. Furthermore, we successfully obtained unglycosylated recombinant protein that was capable of binding to macrophages. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.