Electrostatic charging is ubiquitous in granular processing, leading to problems of safety, jamming and unwanted material segregation. To better understand the mechanics of granular charging, we focus here on flow through a metal cylinder, where we can isolate charging regions near the cylinder walls from noncharging regions further away. We confirm that monodisperse grains charge in proportion to the area of contact between grains and the cylinder walls, and so in large cylinders, most particles remain almost uncharged. Those particles that do charge reach a plateau charge density after filling the cylinder and flowing past the walls a distance of less than one and a half centimeters. For bidisperse granular blends, the net charge produced by the mixture is dominated by the component that comes into contact with the walls of the apparatus. This is found to be caused by segregation effects as well as the coating of the larger particles by the smaller ones. We make use of these results to predict the charge generated in mass flow hoppers, and we test these predictions. Finally we examine the effect of grounding the experimental apparatus, and we find that paradoxically, grounding does not prevent charge accumulation. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.