Effects of Silica Based Fillers, Surface Treatment and Curing Method on Mechanical Properties of Silica/Unsaturated Polyester Composites

Nattaporn Sriloy; Ekachai Wimolmala; Narongrit Sombatsompop; Chuntip Kumnuantip; Chanchai Thongpin

Macromolecular Research, Vol.18, No.4, 372-379, April, 2010

DOI10.1007/s13233-010-0409-0 Export Citation

Effects of Silica Based Fillers, Surface Treatment and Curing Method on Mechanical Properties of Silica/Unsaturated Polyester Composites

Nattaporn Sriloy, Ekachai Wimolmala, Narongrit Sombatsompop, Chuntip Kumnuantip^{1, †}, and Chanchai Thongpin²

Polymer PROcessing and Flow (P-PROF) Group, School of Energy, Environment and Materials, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Thongkru, Bangmod, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand, Taiwan
¹Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Thanyaburi, Pathumthani, 12110, Thailand, Taiwan
²Materials Science & Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Sanamchandra Palace Campus, Nakornpathom, 73000, Thailand, Taiwan

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This study examined the effects of silica based fillers, precipitated silica (PSi) and silica from fly ash (FASi), and a silane treatment on the mechanical and morphological properties of unsaturated polyester (UPE) resins cured by conventional thermal (CV) and microwave (MW) curing methods. The curing curves for unfilled UPE in both curing systems exhibited S-shaped character. The curing curves for PSi/UPE composites were different from those of the FASi/UPE composites due to differences in the number of hydroxyl groups on the silica surfaces. MW curing could reduce the curing time in a greater magnitude than CV curing, suggesting that microwaves are more suitable for curing polymers containing silica based fillers. The percentage conversion of silica/UPE composites increased with increasing filler content. The flexural modulus, hardness and impact strength increased with increasing filler content for both silica fillers. The presence of silica filler in the UPE resulted in a sudden decrease in flexural strength, even though the strength improved slightly with increasing silica content. The overall mechanical properties of the UPE composites were improved considerably using 3-glycidoxypropyl thimethoxysilane (KBM-403) on a silica surface.

Keywords:microwave;thermosets;curing;fly ash;silica;reinforcement

[References]

Marand E, Baker KR, Graybeal JD, Macromolecules, 25, 2243 (1992)
Thostenson ET, Chou TW, Polym. Compos., 22, 197 (2001)
Li W, Zhang L, Peng J, Li N, Zhang S, Guo S, Ind. Crop. Prod., 28, 143 (2008)
Rahmat AR, Heatley F, Day RJ, Plast. Rubb. Compos., 32, 257 (2003)
Papargyris DA, Day RJ, Nesbitt A, Bakavos D, Compos. Sci. Technol., 68, 1854 (2008)
Chia HL, Jacob J, Boey FY, J. Polym. Sci. A: Polym. Chem., 34(11), 2087 (1996)
Chia HL, Jacob J, Boey FYC, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 48, 445 (1995)
Zhou S, Hawley MC, Compos. Struct., 61, 303 (2003)
Zhou J, Shi C, Mei B, Yuan R, Fu Z, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 137, 156 (2003)
Sen S, Nugay N, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 77(5), 1128 (2000)
Thongsang S, Sombatsompop N, Ansarifar A, Polym. Adv. Technol., 19, 1296 (2008)
Kishore, Kulkarni SM, Sharathchandra S, Sunil D, Polym. Test, 21, 763 (2002)
Chaowasakoo T, Sombatsompop N, Compos. Sci. Technol., 67, 2282 (2007)
Thongsang S, Sombatsompop N, Polym. Compos., 27, 30 (2006)
Kishore, Kulkarni SM, Sunil D, Sharathchandra S, Polym. Int., 51, 1378 (2002)
Guhanathan S, Devi MS, Polym. Int., 51, 289 (2002)
Guhanathan S, Devi MS, Murugesan V, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 82(7), 1755 (2001)
Harsch M, Kocsis JK, Holst M, Eur. Polym. J., 43, 1168 (2007)
Meredith R, Engineer’s Handbook of Industrials Microwave Heating, Short Run Press, England, 1998.
Grant EH, Microwave: Industrial, Scientific, and Medical Applications, Arteh House, Norwood, 1999.
Hwang DR, Hong J, Lee J, Shim SE, Macromol. Res., 16(4), 329 (2008)
Singh P, Kaushik A, Kirandeep, J. Reinf. Plast. Compos., 25, 119 (2006)

[Referenced By]

[1] Marand E, Baker KR, Graybeal JD, Macromolecules, 25, 2243 (1992)

[2] Thostenson ET, Chou TW, Polym. Compos., 22, 197 (2001)

[3] Li W, Zhang L, Peng J, Li N, Zhang S, Guo S, Ind. Crop. Prod., 28, 143 (2008)

[4] Rahmat AR, Heatley F, Day RJ, Plast. Rubb. Compos., 32, 257 (2003)

[5] Papargyris DA, Day RJ, Nesbitt A, Bakavos D, Compos. Sci. Technol., 68, 1854 (2008)

[6] Chia HL, Jacob J, Boey FY, J. Polym. Sci. A: Polym. Chem., 34(11), 2087 (1996)

[7] Chia HL, Jacob J, Boey FYC, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 48, 445 (1995)

[8] Zhou S, Hawley MC, Compos. Struct., 61, 303 (2003)

[9] Zhou J, Shi C, Mei B, Yuan R, Fu Z, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 137, 156 (2003)

[10] Sen S, Nugay N, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 77(5), 1128 (2000)

[11] Thongsang S, Sombatsompop N, Ansarifar A, Polym. Adv. Technol., 19, 1296 (2008)

[12] Kishore, Kulkarni SM, Sharathchandra S, Sunil D, Polym. Test, 21, 763 (2002)

[13] Chaowasakoo T, Sombatsompop N, Compos. Sci. Technol., 67, 2282 (2007)

[14] Thongsang S, Sombatsompop N, Polym. Compos., 27, 30 (2006)

[15] Kishore, Kulkarni SM, Sunil D, Sharathchandra S, Polym. Int., 51, 1378 (2002)

[16] Guhanathan S, Devi MS, Polym. Int., 51, 289 (2002)

[17] Guhanathan S, Devi MS, Murugesan V, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 82(7), 1755 (2001)

[18] Harsch M, Kocsis JK, Holst M, Eur. Polym. J., 43, 1168 (2007)

[19] Meredith R, Engineer’s Handbook of Industrials Microwave Heating, Short Run Press, England, 1998.

[20] Grant EH, Microwave: Industrial, Scientific, and Medical Applications, Arteh House, Norwood, 1999.

[21] Hwang DR, Hong J, Lee J, Shim SE, Macromol. Res., 16(4), 329 (2008)

[22] Singh P, Kaushik A, Kirandeep, J. Reinf. Plast. Compos., 25, 119 (2006)