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Journal of the Electrochemical Society, Vol.155, No.9, D551-D557, 2008
Effects of molybdate concentration on the characteristics of Ni-Mo-P diffusion barriers grown by nonisothermal electroless deposition
Ternary Ni-based amorphous films can serve as a barrier layer for Cu interconnects in ultralarge-scale integration (ULSI) applications. In this paper, Ni-Mo-P films deposited on silicon wafers without a complicated pretreatment such as Pd activation were prepared using a nonisothermal deposition (NITD) method. The deposition solutions and operating conditions for preparing the Ni-Mo-P alloys are presented, and the effect of the concentration of MoO42- added in electrolytes on the deposition rate is investigated. The surface morphology, microstructures, compositions, and electrical resistivity of the Ni-Mo-P deposits are also thoroughly examined. Based on the experimental results, the Ni-based ternary alloys produced by the NITD method contain high levels of both Mo and P, and the properties of Ni-Mo-P films are dependent on the concentration of molybdate in electrolytes. It is concluded that the Ni-Mo-P thin films produced by the proposed approach in this study are promising for the 60 nm technologies in ULSI. (C) 2008 The Electrochemical Society.