Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol.130, No.33, 11143-11148, 2008
Nonadditivity of secondary deuterium isotope effects on basicity of trimethylamine
Secondary deuterium isotope effects (IEs) on basicities of isotopologues of trimethylamine have been accurately measured by an NMR titration method applicable to a mixture. Deuteration definitely increases the basicity, by approximate to 0.021 in the delta pK per D. The IE is attributed to the lowering of the OH stretching frequency and zero-point energy by delocalization of the nitrogen lone pair into the C-H antibonding orbital. Because this depends on the dihedral angle between the lone pair and the C-H, a further consequence is a preference for conformations with H antiperiplanar to the lone pair and D gauche. This leads to a predicted nonadditivity of IEs, which is confirmed experimentally. It is found that the decrease in basicity, per deuterium, increases with the number of deuteriums. The nonadditivity of Es is a violation of the widely assumed Rule of the Geometric Mean.