Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol.130, No.24, 7629-7638, 2008
Pyridine ligand rotation in self-assembled trigonal prisms. Evidence for intracage solvent vapor bubbles
The rate of interconversion of the two inequivalent edges of the pyridine rings in the trigonal prism 3c, self-assembled from 3 equiv of the star connector, tetrakis[4-(4-pyridylethynyl)phenyl]cyclo-butadienecyclopentadienylcobal t, and 6 equiv of a platinum linker, cis-(Me3P)(2)Pt(2+)2TfO(-), was determined by DNMR in nitromethane. It exhibits a highly unusual bilinear Eyring plot. In the low temperature regime, the activation enthalpy Delta H-double dagger is similar to 12 kcal/mol and an activation entropy Delta S-double dagger ranges from similar to-15 to similar to-0 cal/mol.K as a function of the nature and concentration of the anions present. The reaction is attributed to hindered rotation of the pyridine rings about the Pt-N bond, facilitated by a tight pairing with a counterion. Above a counterion-clependent limiting temperature, Delta H-double dagger and Delta S-double dagger change abruptly to similar to 35 kcal/mol and similar to 60 cal/mol . K, respectively. The changes largely compensate, such that the reactions have comparable rates in the two regimes, both amenable to DNMR measurement, but their mechanisms clearly differ. Several kinetic models for the involvement of ion pairing equilibria fit the observed data nearly equally well, and they all contain a reaction step with high Delta H-double dagger and Delta S-double dagger values in the high-temperature regime. Its mechanism is proposed to involve a counterion-assisted reversible dissociation of one or two adjacent Pt-N bonds, followed by nearly free rotation of the terminal pyridine ring or rings and subsequent bond reclosure, which is similar to the last presumed step in the initial prism assembly. An interpretation of the very high Delta S-double dagger value is suggested by molecular dynamics calculations: at equilibrium, there is a bubble of gaseous nitromethane solvent inside the prism, and it collapses when the prism opens as the transition state is reached. A simple calculation of the entropy of cavitation provides quantitative support for this tentative proposal. The presence of such voids might be generally important for the formation and properties of self-assembled cages.