Journal of Supercritical Fluids, Vol.49, No.3, 377-384, 2009
Stereoselective synthesis of tetrasubstituted olefins via palladium-catalyzed three-component coupling of aryl iodides, internal alkynes, and arylboronic acids in supercritical carbon dioxide
The Pd-catalyzed three-component coupling of readily available aryl iodides, internal alkynes, and arylboronic acids provides a convenient, one-step route to tetrasubstituted olefins in good to excellent yields in scCO(2) using CsOAc as base. The final optimized reaction conditions for the three-component coupling in scCO(2) was determined to be aryl iodides (0.5 mmol), internal alkynes (0.25 mmol), and arylboronic acids (0.5 mmol) in the presence of PdCl2 (2 mol%) and CsOAc (0.75 mmol) in scCO(2) (P-CO2 = 7.5 MPa) at 100 degrees C for 24 h. The presence of scCO(2) generally substantially improved this Pd-catalyzed system and increased the yields of the desired tetra substituted olefins. The reaction involves full cis-addition of internal alkynes and this system in scCO(2) is an effective and environmental friendly alternative to the previous methods involving organic solvent. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords:Palladium-catalyzed;Three-component coupling;Supercritical carbon dioxide;Tetrasubstituted olefins