During many cellular processes such as cell division, polarization and motility, the plasma membrane does not only represent a passive physical barrier, but also provides a highly dynamic platform for the interplay between lipids, membrane binding proteins and cytoskeletal elements. Even though many regulators of these interactions are known, their mutual interdependence appears to be highly complex and difficult to study in a living cell. Over the past few years, in vitro studies on membrane-cytoskeleton interactions using biomimetic membranes turned out to be extremely helpful to get better mechanistic insight into the dynamics of these processes. In this review, we discuss some of the recent developments using in vitro assays to dissect the role of the players involved: lipids in the membrane, proteins binding to membranes and proteins binding to membrane proteins. We also summarize advantages and disadvantages of supported lipid bilayers as model membrane. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.