The aim of this work is to study the effects of gas-diffusion layer (GDL) anisotropy and the spatial variation of contact resistance between GDLs and catalyst layers (CLs) oil water and heat transfer in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). A three-dimensional, two-phase, numerical PEFC model is employed to capture the transport phenomena inside the cell. The model is applied to a two-dimensional cross-sectional PEFC geometry with regard to the in-plane and through-plane directions. A parametric study is carried Out to explore the effects of key parameters, such as through-plane and in-plane GDL thermal conductivities, operating current densities, and electronic and thermal contact resistances. The simulation results clearly demonstrate that GDL anisotropy and the spatial variation of GDL/CL contact resistance have a strong impact oil thermal and two-phase transport characteristics in a PEFC by significantly altering the temperature, water and membrane Current density distributions, as well as overall cell performance. This study contributes to the identification of optimum water and thermal management strategies of a PEFC based oil realistic anisotropic GDL and contact-resistance variation inside a cell. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.