The factors including final heating temperature, heating time, heating rate, and particle size which influence the efficiency of the pyrolysis process of Fushun oil shale are investigated in this article. The results show that the efficiency of pyrolysis process of Fushun oil shale is improved when the heating temperature is 500-600C, heating time is 3.0-4.0 h, heating rate is 2.5-3.5C/min, and particle size is 12-75 mm.